Why Does Endometriosis Happen?
Endometriosis affects roughly 190 million women worldwide, yet science still cannot explain exactly why it develops. Here is what we do know, what the leading t...
Ten years.
That is now the average time between first symptoms and a confirmed endometriosis diagnosis, as reported in recent systematic reviews of diagnostic delay across multiple countries and large cohort studies that still find average delays of a decade or more. Not a worst-case number. The middle of the distribution. Half of all women with endometriosis wait longer than that.
Periods that put women in the fetal position, dismissed as "normal cramping." Pain with intercourse, attributed to anxiety. ER visits for pelvic pain, sent home without answers. Suppressive medications prescribed for symptoms without any investigation of the underlying disease, masking the condition while it continues to progress in the background.
Women with real, diagnosable conditions, and for ten years, no one looks closely enough to find them.
I had endometriosis symptoms for 20 years before my own diagnosis at age 32. I was already four and a half years into my OBGYN training. If that can happen to me, it can happen to anyone.
That is why I built the 3-Tier Endometriosis Symptom Self-Survey.
Endometriosis is not rare. Best estimates suggest it affects roughly 6 to 10 percent of women and girls of reproductive age worldwide, according to major reviews in journals like New England Journal of Medicine and systematic prevalence studies that put the figure near one in ten. In women with pelvic pain or infertility, around one-third to nearly one-half have endometriosis at laparoscopy, which is what you see in ASRM committee opinions and multiple laparoscopic prevalence studies.
The clinical picture is recognizable once you know what to look for. Certain symptoms cluster reliably in women who go on to have surgically confirmed disease. Tail-end brown bleeding for two or more days at cycle's end. Vomiting with menstrual pain. Emergency room visits for pelvic pain. Deep pain with intercourse. Cramping severe enough to interrupt daily life. Over-the-counter pain medications that accomplish nothing. Suppressive medications that fail to control symptoms.
These are not vague complaints. They are recognizable clinical patterns, developed through careful observation across decades of surgical and clinical practice.
The problem is that this kind of clinical reasoning rarely reaches women early enough to matter. The mean delay from first symptoms to diagnosis is still measured in years, averaging a decade despite increased awareness, with recent reviews concluding that there has been little meaningful improvement in the past decade. Most women encounter careful, pattern-based reasoning only after years of waiting, sitting across from a specialist for the first time, wondering why no one noticed sooner.
The survey is my attempt to make that clinical framework accessible earlier in the journey.
Go to rrmacademy.org/endo-survey. You will receive a private link to take the survey, along with occasional educational updates you can unsubscribe from at any time.
The survey presents 36 symptoms organized into three weighted tiers.
Tier 1 (Very High Suspicion): 15 symptoms at 3 points each. These are the patterns most strongly associated with confirmed endometriosis. Vomiting with menstruation. ER visits for menstrual pain. Deep pain with intercourse. Severe cramping that puts you in the fetal position. Tail-end brown bleeding for two or more days. Pain medications that do nothing. Suppressive medications that fail to help.
Tier 2 (High Suspicion): 15 symptoms at 2 points each. Systemic symptoms and co-conditions that frequently accompany the disease. Irritable bowel syndrome. Interstitial cystitis. Migraines. Severe premenstrual bloating. Heavy bleeding with iron deficiency. Short luteal phase. Low-quality cervical mucus.
Tier 3 (Suspicion): 6 symptoms at 1 point each. Lower-specificity markers that add context: fatigue, nickel sensitivity, easy bruising, family history, autoimmune history.
You check everything that applies. The tool calculates a weighted score and shows a breakdown by tier.
A high Tier 1 count gets a direct, clear message: your symptoms fit a strong clinical pattern for endometriosis. A moderate score across multiple tiers gets a different message: this picture is worth investigating. Even a lower score is addressed honestly, with a reminder that certain combinations still deserve a conversation with a clinician who knows this disease well.
The score does not diagnose endometriosis. Only a thorough clinical evaluation, and when appropriate, surgery can do that, which is the standard reflected in current guidelines that still treat laparoscopy as the gold standard for confirming the diagnosis. A lower score cannot exclude endometriosis, because some women have less typical symptom patterns that only become clear with expert evaluation.
What the survey does is give you language and organized data for the conversation with your provider. You are not going in empty-handed. You are going in with a structured clinical picture that someone trained in this disease will recognize.
You are not crazy. Your symptoms tell a story worth investigating.
After completing the survey, you can download a personalized PDF. This is the part I most want you to use.
The report includes your total score, tier-by-tier breakdowns, and every symptom you selected, organized by tier. Print it. Bring it to your next appointment. Hand it to your clinician and let that clinical picture open the conversation you deserve to have.
Here is a simple way to use it:
The PDF is generated on your device. No tracking pixels. No third-party advertising profiles. No selling of health data.
RRM Academy is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit. Your information supports research and education, full stop.
This survey is free because this kind of clinical knowledge should not depend on who you know or what you can afford.
Those ten years are not neutral time.
Suppressive medications do not reliably stop endometriosis lesions from progressing, which is why Cochrane reviews and other summaries describe them as symptom-suppressing rather than disease-eradicating therapies. They mask symptoms. The disease can continue to advance beneath the surface, and in many cases, so can associated adhesion formation and fertility impact.
When surgery is indicated, the approach matters enormously. Laparoscopic excision that aims to remove endometriosis at its root is associated with meaningful long-term reductions in pain and improved quality of life for many patients years after expert excision. Proper adhesion prevention is part of that equation too. Half of the outcome is the excision itself. The other half is the reconstruction and adhesion prevention work that follows.
The treatment exists. The path to it begins with recognizing the pattern and getting the right evaluation. That is what this survey is designed to help you do.
Take the survey. Download the PDF. Bring it to your next appointment. The conversation you deserve to have starts there.
For more on endometriosis, restorative reproductive medicine, and what the published research actually shows, visit our Research Library. You can also follow me on Instagram at @napro_fertility_surgeon.
Vagala SR, et al. A 10-Year Journey to Diagnosis With Endometriosis. Cureus. 2022;14(1):e21329. PMC
Ghai V, et al. Time to Diagnose Endometriosis: Current Status, Challenges and Solutions. BJOG. 2024. PMC
Fernandez A, et al. 'I don't know what normal has been': a grounded theory exploration of the journey to endometriosis diagnosis. BMC Women's Health. 2025. PMC
Prevalence of endometriosis in women: a systematic review. Reprod Sci. 2022. PMC
ASRM Practice Committee. Endometriosis and infertility: a committee opinion. Fertil Steril. 2012. ASRM
Leonardi M, et al. Pain and Quality of Life after Laparoscopic Excision of Endometriosis. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2020. PubMed
Endometriosis Quality of Life Cohort Study: Long-term Impact of Radical Laparoscopic Excision. 2025. PMC
Reducing Endometriosis Diagnostic Delay. AMA Journal of Ethics. AMA