The use of combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs) worsens glucose tolerance, but the risk for glucose metabolism disorders remains controversial.
Design
The study is a prospective longitudinal population-based cohort study.
Methods
The study was based on a cohort population that comprised 1879 women born in 1966. At age 46, the women answered a questionnaire on contraceptive use and underwent an oral glucose tolerance test. Glucose metabolism indices were evaluated in current CHC (n = 153), progestin-only contraceptive (POC, n = 842), and non-hormonal contraceptive users (n = 884).
Results
In the entire study population, current CHC use was significantly associated with prediabetes (OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.3-3.2) and type 2 diabetes (OR: 3.3, 95% CI: 1.1-9.7) compared to non-hormonal contraceptive use. After 5 years of use, the prediabetes risk increased 2.2-fold (95% CI: 1.3-3.7) and type 2 diabetes risk increased 4.5-fold (95% CI: 1.5-13.5). Compared with the current POC use, current CHC use was significantly associated with prediabetes (OR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.2-3.0). Current POC use was not associated with any glucose metabolism disorders. The results prevailed after adjusting for BMI and socioeconomic status.
Conclusions
CHC use in perimenopausal women was associated with a significantly increased risk of glucose metabolism disorders. This association should be considered in women with increased metabolic risk.
combined hormonal contraceptives glucose metabolism perimenopausal women, oral contraceptive use prediabetes type 2 diabetes risk, CHC glucose tolerance impairment perimenopause cohort study, progestin only contraceptive glucose metabolism safety comparison, hormonal contraception metabolic risk perimenopausal population study, combined hormonal contraceptive OGTT prediabetes diabetes risk, oral glucose tolerance test contraceptive users population based, Morin-Papunen Tapanainen contraceptive glucose metabolism Finland, Northern Finland birth cohort 1966 hormonal contraception metabolism, long term CHC use type 2 diabetes risk perimenopausal women, progestin only vs combined contraceptive metabolic safety
PMID 33105101 33105101 DOI 10.1530/EJE-20-0406 10.1530/EJE-20-0406
Cite this article
Mosorin, M. E., Haverinen, A., Ollila, M. M., Nordström, T., Jokelainen, J., Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S., Puukka, K., Ruokonen, A., Auvinen, J., Piltonen, T., Morin-Papunen, L., & Tapanainen, J. S. (2020). Current use of combined hormonal contraception is associated with glucose metabolism disorders in perimenopausal women. *European journal of endocrinology*, *183*(6), 619-626. https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-20-0406
Mosorin ME, Haverinen A, Ollila MM, Nordström T, Jokelainen J, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S, et al. Current use of combined hormonal contraception is associated with glucose metabolism disorders in perimenopausal women. Eur J Endocrinol. 2020;183(6):619-626. doi:10.1530/EJE-20-0406
Mosorin, M. E., et al. "Current use of combined hormonal contraception is associated with glucose metabolism disorders in perimenopausal women." *European journal of endocrinology*, vol. 183, no. 6, 2020, pp. 619-626.
Hirata Y et al., 2015European Journal of Endocrinology
Objective: Although it has been recommended that serum free thyroxine (FT4) levels should be targeted to middle-upper normal levels during levothyroxine (l-T4) replacement therapy in patients with cen...
General OB/GYN > Thyroid Disorders > Central HypothyroidismReproductive Endocrinology > Thyroid Function > Levothyroxine ReplacementDiagnostics > Hormone Testing > Thyroid Hormone Levels