Letters in Applied Microbiology, 59(6), 572-579
Novel findings in microbiology question the long-standing paradigm that a healthy pregnancy implies a sterile uterus. It now seems that the placenta is frequently colonized with bacteria, and a placental microbiome has been identified. Recent literature findings are summarized here, and an attempt is made to separate pathological bacterial presence from a naturally occurring microbiome.
Wassenaar, T. M., & Panigrahi, P. (2014). Is a foetus developing in a sterile environment?. *Letters in applied microbiology*, *59*(6), 572-579. https://doi.org/10.1111/lam.12334
Wassenaar TM, Panigrahi P. Is a foetus developing in a sterile environment?. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2014;59(6):572-579. doi:10.1111/lam.12334
Wassenaar, Trudy M., and Pinaki Panigrahi. "Is a foetus developing in a sterile environment?." *Letters in applied microbiology*, vol. 59, no. 6, 2014, pp. 572-579.
Amniotic Fluid/microbiology, Bacteria/growth & Development/isolation & Purification, Bacterial Infections/microbiology, Female, Fetal Development, Fetus/microbiology, Humans, Infant, Microbiota, Placenta/microbiology, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/microbiology, Premature Birth/etiology, Amniotic Fluid, Breast Milk, Neonatal Sepsis, Newborn Colonization, Placenta Microbiome, Placental Microbiome, Preterm Birth