In a national case-control study of fatal pulmonary embolism in New Zealand women of childbearing age, we estimated that current users of combined oral contraceptives had a relative risk of 9.6 (95% CI 3.1-29.1). From national distribution data, the absolute risk of death from pulmonary embolism in current users was estimated to be 10.5 per million woman-years.
Parkin, L., Skegg, D. C., Wilson, M., Herbison, G. P., & Paul, C. (2000). Oral contraceptives and fatal pulmonary embolism. *Lancet (London, England)*, *355*(9221), 2133-2134. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02382-5
Parkin L, Skegg DC, Wilson M, Herbison GP, Paul C. Oral contraceptives and fatal pulmonary embolism. Lancet. 2000;355(9221):2133-2134. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02382-5
Parkin, L., et al. "Oral contraceptives and fatal pulmonary embolism." *Lancet (London, England)*, vol. 355, no. 9221, 2000, pp. 2133-2134.
International Collaboration of Epidemiological Studies of Cervical Cancer et al., 2007Lancet (London, England)
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