Fertility and Sterility, 56(1), 139-141
The bioavailability and the clinical usefulness of the P administered by nasal spray were investigated. Ten healthy menopausal women received an IN spray administration (4 doses of an oleic P solution 20 mg/mL, corresponding to nearly 11.2 mg of P) and the circulating P levels were calculated. Sixty minutes after administration, the maximum concentration (CMax, 3.75 +/- 0.214 ng/mL) was reached. High P levels (greater than 2 ng/mL) lasted until 360 minutes, and the AUC 0 to 720 was 1,481.6 +/- 343 ng.h/mL. Progesterone administration by spray formulation has proven to be effective in reaching therapeutic levels and to be acceptable to patients and, probably, clinically safe.
Cicinelli, E., Ragno, G., Cagnazzo, I., Fanelli, F., Vetuschi, C., & Schonauer, S. (1991). Progesterone administration by nasal spray. *Fertility and sterility*, *56*(1), 139-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0015-0282(16)54433-1
Cicinelli E, Ragno G, Cagnazzo I, Fanelli F, Vetuschi C, Schonauer S. Progesterone administration by nasal spray. Fertil Steril. 1991;56(1):139-141. doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)54433-1
Cicinelli, E., et al. "Progesterone administration by nasal spray." *Fertility and sterility*, vol. 56, no. 1, 1991, pp. 139-141.
Absorption, Administration, Intranasal, Biological Availability, Female, Humans, Kinetics, Middle Aged, Progesterone/administration & Dosage/adverse Effects/pharmacokinetics, Progesterone, Americas, Biology, Clinical Research, Contraception, Contraception Research, Developed Countries, Endocrine System, Family Planning, Hormones, North America, Northern America, Physiology, Progestational Hormones, Progesterone--administraction and Dosage, Progesterone--pharmacodynamics, Research Methodology, United States