Cesarean Section - Detailed Risks (Patient Education)

RISKS OF CESAREAN SECTION:\n- Bleeding: Usually minimal, but significant bleeding may occur requiring blood transfusion. Notify provider of any objections to receiving blood products.\n- Injury to surrounding structures: Possible injury to blood vessels, nerves, bladder, ureters, uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, abdominal muscles, intestines, rectum, liver, diaphragm, stomach, appendix. Usually temporary, but may be permanent in small percentage. Corrective measures will be taken. Risk of hernia development.\n- Infection: Risk approximately 3%. Operating room is sterile, prophylactic antibiotics given, but infections can still occur (cellulitis, abscess). Will be treated if develops.\n- Blood clots, stroke, death: Rare but serious complications. Blood clots more likely with less mobility - try to move around after surgery. Recommend developing advanced directive/healthcare power of attorney.\n- Decreased fertility: In emergent situations, hysterectomy may be necessary to control bleeding and prevent death.\n\nRISKS OF BLOOD TRANSFUSION:\n- Infection: All blood screened for HIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C. Risk of Hep B: 1/350,000 units. Risk of Hep C: 1/1.6 million units. Risk of HIV: 1/2 million units. (Higher chance of lightning strike: 1/10,000)\n- Transfusion reactions: Allergic reaction, febrile reaction, TRALI, hemolytic reaction, Graft vs Host Disease. Most are treatable. Multiple checkpoints ensure blood matching.