To test for the possible association of past oral contraceptive (OC) use and incident fracture after menopause.
Design
A prospective cohort of 93,725 postmenopausal women.
Setting
Forty Women's Health Initiative (WHI) clinical centers across the United States. PATIENT(S): Ethnically diverse 93,725 volunteer postmenopausal women, 50 to 79 years old. INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The main outcome was self-reported incident first fracture assessed prospectively by annual questionnaire. RESULT(S): The adjusted relative hazard (HR) for fracture among past OC users was 1.07 (95% CI, 1.01-1.15). Among women without any postmenopausal hormone treatment, past OC use for < or =5 years led to an HR of 1.15 (95% CI, 1.04-1.27) and for past OC use >5 years led to an HR of 1.09 (95% CI, 0.97-1.23) compared with never users. CONCLUSION(S): This study does not support the idea that past OC use protects against later fracture.
oral contraceptive use postmenopausal fracture risk, prior oral contraceptive bone health fracture WHI, Women's Health Initiative oral contraceptive fracture observational cohort, oral contraceptive bone mineral density long-term effects, past OC use osteoporotic fracture postmenopause, Barad Watts oral contraceptive fracture WHI study, hormonal contraception skeletal health postmenopausal women, oral contraceptive bone protection myth fracture risk, duration oral contraceptive use fracture hazard ratio, postmenopausal hormone treatment oral contraceptive history fracture
PMID 16084878 16084878 DOI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.01.132 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.01.132
Cite this article
Barad, D., Kooperberg, C., Wactawski-Wende, J., Liu, J., Hendrix, S. L., & Watts, N. B. (2005). Prior oral contraception and postmenopausal fracture: a Women's Health Initiative observational cohort study. *Fertility and sterility*, *84*(2), 374-383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.01.132
Barad D, Kooperberg C, Wactawski-Wende J, Liu J, Hendrix SL, Watts NB. Prior oral contraception and postmenopausal fracture: a Women's Health Initiative observational cohort study. Fertil Steril. 2005;84(2):374-383. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.01.132
Barad, D., et al. "Prior oral contraception and postmenopausal fracture: a Women's Health Initiative observational cohort study." *Fertility and sterility*, vol. 84, no. 2, 2005, pp. 374-383.
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