Newest scholarly works
Camera trocar lifting in office gasless laparoscopic sterilization under local anesthesia Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2010 Systematic review and metaanalysis of intraperitoneal instillation of local anesthetics for reduction of pain after gynecologic laparoscopy Journal of minimally invasive gynecology · 2012 Ultrasound Visceral Slide Assessment to Evaluate for Intra-abdominal Adhesions in Patients Undergoing Abdominal Surgery - A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Journal of minimally invasive gynecology · 2021
All works
Original research
Systematic Mapping of the Abdomen and Pelvis (S-MAP) IIRRM 2026 · poster A three-axis framework for reproductive impairment IIRRM 2026 · poster The ART Reporting Completeness (ARC) Framework IIRRM 2026 · poster
All original research
Get a free library card
Save papers, follow topics, and connect the library to Claude or ChatGPT.
Sign up free
Commentary
Where Did the Vitamin A Go? What Changed in Cereal, Milk and the American Plate Naomi Whittaker, MD and Pam Schoenfeld, MS, RD, LDN · Oct 20
All 22 guides Plain-language guides to the methods, the conditions, and what the evidence shows.
All commentary
Breaking Up with IVF FreeMidwife and former front-line IVF clinician Dr. Jennifer Mercier joins Dr. Naomi Whittaker for a candid Save the Uterus Club conversation. Masterclass in Endometriosis & Surgery 9 sectionsComprehensive guide for patients preparing for endometriosis surgery. Hormones Through the Lifespan FreeA comprehensive overview of hormonal health across a woman's life, menstrual cycles, common conditions, and the transition to menopause, presented by Dr. Ana Garcia, OB/GYN.
All 20 courses Endometriosis For clinicians
Member courses and live calls
Join Save the Uterus Club: live calls with Dr. Whittaker, member courses, discussion.
Become a member
Save the Uterus Club
Save the Uterus Club The community and collaboration arm of RRM Academy: live calls, new research, advocacy taking shape. Become a member

Risk factors for anxiety and depression among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results of a web-based multinational cross-sectional study

Kajdy A, Sys D, Pokropek A, Shaw SW, Chang TY, Calda P, Acharya G, Ben-Zion M, Biron-Shental T, Borowski D, Czuba B, Etchegaray A, Feduniw S, Garcia-Mandujano R, Santacruz MG, Gil MM, Hassan S, Kwiatkowski S, Martin-Arias A, Martinez-Portilla RJ, Prefumo F, Rabijewski M, Salomon LJ, Tiller H, Verlohren S, Voon HY, Yanque-Robles OF, Yong SL, Poon LC, Mind-COVID Collaborative Team

Published January 2023 International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 160(1), 167-186
DOI 10.1002/ijgo.14388 PMID 35932096 PMC PMC9538861

Abstract

Objective

To assess risk factors for anxiety and depression among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic using Mind-COVID, a prospective cross-sectional study that compares outcomes in middle-income economies and high-income economies.

Methods

A total of 7102 pregnant women from 12 high-income economies and nine middle-income economies were included. The web-based survey used two standardized instruments, General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9).

Result

Pregnant women in high-income economies reported higher PHQ-9 (0.18 standard deviation [SD], P < 0.001) and GAD-7 (0.08 SD, P = 0.005) scores than those living in middle-income economies. Multivariate regression analysis showed that increasing PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scales were associated with mental health problems during pregnancy and the need for psychiatric treatment before pregnancy. PHQ-9 was associated with a feeling of burden related to restrictions in social distancing, and access to leisure activities. GAD-7 scores were associated with a pregnancy-related complication, fear of adverse outcomes in children related to COVID-19, and feeling of burden related to finances.

Conclusions

According to this study, the imposed public health measures and hospital restrictions have left pregnant women more vulnerable during these difficult times. Adequate partner and family support during pregnancy and childbirth can be one of the most important protective factors against anxiety and depression, regardless of national economic status.

By this author

Related research

Anna Kajdy, Dorota Sys, Artur Pokropek, Steven W Shaw, Tung-Yao Chang, Pavel Calda, Ganesh Acharya, Maya Ben-Zion, Tal Biron-Shental, Dariusz Borowski, Bartosz Czuba, Adolfo Etchegaray, Stepan Feduniw, Rosario Garcia-Mandujano, Monica Garcia Santacruz, Maria M Gil, Sonia Hassan, Sebastian Kwiatkowski, Arancha Martin-Arias, Raigam Jafet Martinez-Portilla, Federico Prefumo, Michał Rabijewski, Laurent J Salomon, Heidi Tiller, Stefan Verlohren, Hian Yan Voon, Omar Fernando Yanque-Robles, Soon Leong Yong, Liona C Poon
A Kajdy, D Sys, A Pokropek, Steve Shaw, S Shaw, T Chang, P Calda, G Acharya, M Ben-Zion, T Biron-Shental, D Borowski, B Czuba, A Etchegaray, S Feduniw, R Garcia-Mandujano, M Santacruz, M Gil, S Hassan, S Kwiatkowski, A Martin-Arias, R Martinez-Portilla, F Prefumo, M Rabijewski, L Salomon, H Tiller, S Verlohren, H Voon, O Yanque-Robles, S Yong, L Poon
PMID 35932096 35932096 DOI 10.1002/ijgo.14388 10.1002/ijgo.14388 Kajdy et al. 2023, Kajdy 2023

Learn

Resources

Tools

Help

Candid Platinum Transparency 2026

RRM Academy is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit providing free and low-cost education in restorative reproductive medicine for patients and healthcare professionals.

This site is an educational resource and does not provide medical advice. Inclusion of a study does not imply endorsement of its findings. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment.

© 2026 RRM Academy · All Rights Reserved

Restorative Reproductive Medicine Foundation · 3401 Hartzdale Dr, Ste 103B PMB 3518, Camp Hill, PA 17011 · EIN: 93-4594315
Sitemap AI Instructions Developers Terms of Use Medical Disclaimer Privacy Policy