Parnell, T. A., Copeland, K., & Minjeur, M. (2026). Public Awareness, Perceptions, and Preferences in Fertility Treatment: Secondary Analysis of Two Public Surveys. Journal of Restorative Reproductive Medicine. https://doi.org/10.63264/6yy3mw82
Parnell TA, Copeland K, Minjeur M. Public Awareness, Perceptions, and Preferences in Fertility Treatment: Secondary Analysis of Two Public Surveys. Journal of Restorative Reproductive Medicine. 2026. doi:10.63264/6yy3mw82
Parnell, Tracey, et al. "Public Awareness, Perceptions, and Preferences in Fertility Treatment: Secondary Analysis of Two Public Surveys." Journal of Restorative Reproductive Medicine, 2026.
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International Institute for Restorative Reproductive Medicine02ph6p167
Radiant Clinic, Cedar Rapids, IA, USA
Linked to ROR, the Research Organization Registry
RRM Academy Synopsis
Most surveyed U.S. adults approved of RRM once it was defined
In the McLaughlin survey, one of two national online surveys of U.S. adults, about 8 out of 10 respondents approved of restorative reproductive medicine once it was defined. About 3 out of 10 had viewed it favorably beforehand. In the same survey, respondents ranked the baby's health first, ahead of cost and time to conceive.
Key Findings
Before any definition, 33% (n=329) of McLaughlin respondents viewed restorative reproductive medicine favorably and 43% (n=429) had no prior awareness of it. After a definition, approval reached 79% (n=788).
In a hypothetical scenario with equal pregnancy rates, 69% of McLaughlin respondents chose finding and treating the cause for natural fertilization in a woman's body. 17% chose bypassing it with laboratory fertilization.
When asked what mattered most in choosing fertility care, 74% of McLaughlin respondents named the health of the baby, 13% cost, and 6% time to conceive.
Among McLaughlin respondents who had undergone IVF, 83% (n=76) were concerned that an undiagnosed factor contributed to their infertility, and 57% reported feeling fast-tracked to IVF.
In the J.L. Partners survey, support for IVF was 81.5% at the start and 71.4% at the end, following information on medical risks, embryos, genetic testing, and government oversight (p < 0.001).
Interpretation
The analysis draws on two independently conducted national online surveys of U.S. adults: J.L. Partners (32 questions; March 31 to April 3, 2025; 1,002 registered voters) and McLaughlin & Associates (55 questions; 1,000 respondents). The authors report descriptive statistics and Pearson chi-square tests, and they found strong consistency between items that appeared in both surveys. The authors note that question wording may have influenced some responses.
RRM Context
RRM finds and treats the causes of reproductive problems to restore natural function, and it evaluates both partners. Worry about undiagnosed factors fits the RRM view that infertility is a symptom of an underlying condition. Unexplained infertility means undiagnosed. The authors call for more public education and continued national surveys.
Our editorial summary of this paper, not the article's abstract.
Abstract
Objective
This study examined public attitudes toward restorative reproductive medicine (RRM) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) using secondary analysis and comparative reporting of two independent surveys conducted in the United States. It also explored preferences among individuals with fertility issues and the general population’s views on treatment options.
Method
A secondary analysis was conducted using data from two nationally representative online surveys, designed and administered by organizations independent of the researchers, whose samples demographically reflected the U.S. adult population. The surveys—conducted by J.L. Partners (N=1002) and McLaughlin & Associates (N=1000)—assessed familiarity, acceptance, and attitudes toward IVF and RRM. The J.L. Partners survey focused on IVF, including medical risks, creation and use of embryos, preimplantation genetic testing, arguments for government oversight of IVF, and overall attitudes toward IVF. The McLaughlin survey focused on comparative descriptions of IVF and RRM. Pearson’s Chi-Square tests of independence were used to assess differences in response distributions across demographic subgroups and between survey items of interest.
Findings
Overall, there was strong consistency of responses to items that were similar in the two surveys. Approximately 80% supported IVF initially, although both surveys found respondents to have limited knowledge about IVF procedures. In contrast, 33% supported RRM initially, with 43% having never heard of RRM. After learning more about the characteristics of RRM and IVF approaches, as presented within the surveys, preference shifted toward approaches consistent with RRM (e.g., 69% preference for an approach for natural fertilization in a woman’s body vs. 17% for fertilization in a lab). Respondents prioritized baby health (74%) over cost (13%) and time to conceive (6%). Many IVF patients were concerned about undiagnosed health issues and being rushed into IVF. Overall, 70% wanted treatments that addressed underlying causes; nearly half were unaware of any medical risks of IVF. Stated support for IVF declined by 10% overall after presentation of medical risks, questions about the creation and use of embryos and genetic testing, and arguments to support government oversight of IVF. Both surveys showed strong support for patient access to full information about treatments and treatment processes.
Conclusion
While IVF is widely accepted, these national survey data suggest preferences for fertility treatments that prioritize diagnosis and restoration of natural reproductive health, which is the focus of restorative reproductive medicine. Comprehensive assessment, restoration of healthy function, transparency regarding treatment processes, and sensitivity to ethical concerns in patient care reflect important public values. Greater awareness and public education, improved consent, more research, and ongoing surveys are needed to inform public health strategies and meet patient needs in fertility care.