Reproductive Endocrinology Ovarian Hormones

Molecular mechanisms and multi-organ regulatory roles of anti-Müllerian hormone in female reproduction

Li J, Zhu W, Bu Y, Li L, Wei H, Zhang S

Published May 14, 2026 Communications Biology
DOI 10.1038/s42003-026-10273-1 PMID 42135492 PMC PMC13176346

Abstract

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), produced by ovarian granulosa cells, is a key regulator of female reproduction. Traditionally seen as a local follicular brake, emerging evidence calls for a paradigm shift. We propose that AMH acts as a context-dependent signaling hub. It primarily signals via the Smad1/5/8 pathway and interacts with Wnt/β-catenin and MAPK cascades to regulate follicle growth and steroidogenesis. Beyond the ovary, AMH and its receptors are expressed in the hypothalamus, pituitary, uterus, and placenta, modulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and other reproductive processes. This review provides a comprehensive framework for understanding AMH as a context-dependent signaling hub in female mammals.

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PMID 42135492 42135492 DOI 10.1038/s42003-026-10273-1 10.1038/s42003-026-10273-1 Li et al. 2026, Li 2026