Mutations in STRA6 cause a broad spectrum of malformations including anophthalmia, congenital heart defects, diaphragmatic hernia, alveolar capillary dysplasia, lung hypoplasia, and mental retardation

Pasutto F; Sticht H; Hammersen G; Gillessen-Kaesbach G; Fitzpatrick DR; Nürnberg G; Brasch F; Schirmer-Zimmermann H; Tolmie JL; Chitayat D; Houge G; Fernández-Martínez L; Keating S; Mortier G; Hennekam RC; von der Wense A; Slavotinek A; Meinecke P; Bitoun P; Becker C; Nürnberg P; Reis A; Rauch A

doi:10.1086/512203

Mutations in STRA6 cause a broad spectrum of malformations including anophthalmia, congenital heart defects, diaphragmatic hernia, alveolar capillary dysplasia, lung hypoplasia, and mental retardation

Pasutto F, Sticht H, Hammersen G, Gillessen-Kaesbach G, Fitzpatrick DR, Nürnberg G, Brasch F, Schirmer-Zimmermann H, Tolmie JL, Chitayat D, Houge G, Fernández-Martínez L, Keating S, Mortier G, Hennekam RC, von der Wense A, Slavotinek A, Meinecke P, Bitoun P, Becker C, Nürnberg P, Reis A, Rauch A

Published March 2007 American journal of human genetics, 80(3), 550-60

DOI 10.1086/512203 PMID 17273977

Abstract

We observed two unrelated consanguineous families with malformation syndromes sharing anophthalmia and distinct eyebrows as common signs, but differing for alveolar capillary dysplasia or complex congenital heart defect in one and diaphragmatic hernia in the other family. Homozygosity mapping revealed linkage to a common locus on chromosome 15, and pathogenic homozygous mutations were identified in STRA6, a member of a large group of "stimulated by retinoic acid" genes encoding novel transmembrane proteins, transcription factors, and secreted signaling molecules or proteins of largely unknown function. Subsequently, homozygous STRA6 mutations were also demonstrated in 3 of 13 patients chosen on the basis of significant phenotypic overlap to the original cases. While a homozygous deletion generating a premature stop codon (p.G50AfsX22) led to absence of the immunoreactive protein in patient's fibroblast culture, structural analysis of three missense mutations (P90L, P293L, and T321P) suggested significant effects on the geometry of the loops connecting the transmembrane helices of STRA6. Two further variations in the C-terminus (T644M and R655C) alter specific functional sites, an SH2-binding motif and a phosphorylation site, respectively. STRA6 mutations thus define a pleiotropic malformation syndrome representing the first human phenotype associated with mutations in a gene from the "STRA" group.

Francesca Pasutto, Heinrich Sticht, Gerhard Hammersen, Gabriele Gillessen-Kaesbach, David R Fitzpatrick, Gudrun Nürnberg, Frank Brasch, Heidemarie Schirmer-Zimmermann, John L Tolmie, David Chitayat, Gunnar Houge, Lorena Fernández-Martínez, Sarah Keating, Geert Mortier, Raoul C M Hennekam, Axel von der Wense, Anne Slavotinek, Peter Meinecke, Pierre Bitoun, Christian Becker, Peter Nürnberg, André Reis, Anita Rauch

F Pasutto, H Sticht, G Hammersen, G Gillessen-Kaesbach, Dave Fitzpatrick, D Fitzpatrick, G Nürnberg, F Brasch, H Schirmer-Zimmermann, Jack Tolmie, J Tolmie, Dave Chitayat, D Chitayat, G Houge, L Fernández-Martínez, S Keating, G Mortier, R Hennekam, A Wense, A Slavotinek, Pete Meinecke, P Meinecke, P Bitoun, C Becker, Pete Nürnberg, P Nürnberg, A Reis, A Rauch

PMID 17273977 17273977 DOI 10.1086/512203 10.1086/512203 Pasutto et al. 2007, Pasutto 2007

Mutations in STRA6 cause a broad spectrum of malformations including anophthalmia, congenital heart defects, diaphragmatic hernia, alveolar capillary dysplasia, lung hypoplasia, and mental retardation

Abstract

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