[INTRODUCTION] Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an innovative tool in regenerative medicine. It is defined as an autologous product obtained by density gradient centrifugation of blood, resulting in a platelet concentrate rich in growth factors. In gynecology, PRP has been used to treat vaginal atrophy, sexual dysfunction, and inflammatory conditions such as vulvar lichen sclerosus. PRP injection into the vulvo-vaginal area is a potential treatment for several conditions; however, treatment methods and applications vary widely across the published literature. [OBJECTIVE] To provide an updated synthesis of current evidence on the administration of PRP to the vulva and vagina as a stand-alone technique in a non-surgical outpatient setting, and to identify its main clinical indications. [METHODS] A systematic search of PubMed and Embase was conducted for studies published up to October 2024 using the terms "platelet rich plasma" AND "vaginal" and "platelet rich plasma" AND "vulvar." Eligible studies included human case reports, prospective, and retrospective cohort studies, as well as randomized and non-randomized controlled trials, assessing PRP injections as a stand-alone technique in the vulvo-vaginal area. Extracted data included study design, patient characteristics, indications, PRP preparation and administration protocols, number of sessions, outcomes, and adverse events. [RESULTS] Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria: two randomized controlled trials, 10 single-arm clinical trials, one retrospective cross-sectional study, and five case reports, comprising 480 patients (401 treated with PRP). The most frequent indication was vulvar lichen sclerosus (n = 179), followed by sexual dysfunction (n = 133) and vulvovaginal atrophy (n = 87). Protocols varied in preparation methods, injection techniques, and treatment schedules. Across studies, PRP injections were associated with improvements in symptoms, sexual function, and vaginal health, with few and mild adverse events. [CONCLUSION] Current evidence suggests that PRP injections in the vulvo-vaginal area may offer clinical benefits across several indications, with a favorable safety profile. However, the high variability in protocols, small sample sizes, and methodological limitations preclude definitive conclusions. Further high-quality randomized controlled trials are required to establish standardized protocols and confirm efficacy.
PMID 41168677 41168677 DOI 10.1093/jsxmed/qdaf307 10.1093/jsxmed/qdaf307 De Ponte et al. 2026, De Ponte 2026
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therapeutics/anti-infective-and-anti-inflammatory-agents/immune-modulating-agentsgynecology/clinical-practice/pharmacologyrestorative-reproductive-medicine/adjunct-and-emerging-therapies/platelet-rich-plasma-and-regenerative-approaches
Open Access
Khare V et al., 2019·Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research
Biological reagent like PRP having strong anti-inflammatory and healing effect due to large number of growth factors and paracrine action. single center, prospective observational study at L N Medical College and Research Centre, Bhopal. 120 patients with chronic cervicitis were enrolled; 60 randomly selected patients were given conventional treatment and 60 underwent PRP therapy. PRP was prepared from the patient's own blood and injected immediately in the targeted areas of cervix at 3-4 sites. Better clinical benefits and healed epithelium were observed on follow-up in the PRP-treated patients compared to conventional treatment, with increased perception of recovery; no complications in either group. PRP is proposed as a biological, safe, effective option for chronic cervicitis. (Abstract transcribed from the journal HTML page 2026-09-16.)
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a central role in maintaining immune tolerance and supporting maternal-fetal homeostasis throughout human pregnancy. Clinical and experimental evidence demonstrates that dysregulation of peripheral and decidual Tregs manifested as quantitative deficits, impaired suppressive function or lineage instability increased the risk of various pathological pregnancies, such as recurrent implantation failure (RIF), recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA), pre-eclampsia (PE) and preterm birth (PTB). Recently, novel therapeutic strategies targeting Tregs have emerged in oncology, transplantation, and autoimmune diseases. However, their application in pathological pregnancy remains in its infancy. This review outlines the spatiotemporal dynamics of peripheral and decidual Tregs throughout gestation, elucidating their roles in maintaining maternal-fetal homeostasis and their dysregulation in pathological pregnancies. We also critically evaluated the therapeutic strategies targeting Tregs and Tregs-associated signaling pathways, including hormonal support, traditional intravenous immunoglobulin, as well as emerging interventions such as immunometabolic reprogramming and engineered cellular therapies like chimeric antigen receptor Tregs. This review may provide insights for understanding the roles of Tregs in physiological and pathological pregnancy, as well as provide new idea in the immunotherapy of pathological pregnancy.
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) severely limits reproductive options. We report a successful live birth in a patient with POI following a combined approach of intraovarian platelet-rich plasma (PRP) treatment, double ovarian stimulation (DuoStim protocol), and preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A). PRP treatment was performed to restore ovarian function, after which DuoStim was used to maximize oocyte yield. An embryo obtained underwent PGT-A, and transfer of a euploid blastocyst resulted in an uncomplicated pregnancy and the birth of a healthy child. This case highlights the potential of personalized and multidisciplinary strategies to overcome the traditional barriers in POI by integrating regenerative medicine (PRP), advanced ovarian stimulation (DuoStim), and genetic embryo selection (PGT-A). While this innovative approach appears promising for women with diminished ovarian reserve, further studies are needed to confirm its efficacy and safety.
therapeutics/anti-infective-and-anti-inflammatory-agents/immune-modulating-agents
Open Access
Emerging research underscores the pivotal role of the gut–immune–brain axis, a dynamic bidirectional communication system involving intricate interactions between the gut microbiota, immune responses, and the central nervous system. Gut microbes and their metabolites have profound effects on immune and neurological homeostasis, influencing the development and function of multiple physiological systems. Disruption of the composition of the gut microbiota and barrier integrity has been implicated in various neurological and psychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorder, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, depression, and anxiety. Most insights into these host–microbiota interactions come from preclinical models, revealing both the complexity and potential therapeutic opportunities of the gut–brain communication pathways. This review synthesizes the current understanding of these intricate interactions, exploring how microbiota-driven modulation of the gut and brain barriers, immune signaling, and neuronal pathways, such as those through the vagus nerve, contributes to health and disease. We further explore therapeutic implications, including personalized precision microbiota interventions, microbiome-derived biomarkers, and barrier-strengthening strategies. Advancing this field offers transformative potential for developing innovative, personalized therapies tailored to individual microbiomes and immune profiles, ultimately redefining clinical approaches to neurological and immune-mediated diseases.