Menstrual cycle is considered the fifth vital sign among women. This study aimed to summarize the menstrual disturbances in different endocrine disorders. Evidence Acquisition: In this narrative review, relevant studies (up to December 2019) were searched based on the MeSH keywords diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome, Cushing's syndrome, thyroid dysfunction, hyperprolactinemia, menstrual cycle, uterine bleeding, and menstruation. Databases used for searching articles included Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of science for observational, experimental, and review studies.
Results
Endocrine disorders trigger the onset of menstrual disturbance across the reproductive lifespan of women. Endocrine glands (pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, adrenal, and ovaries) have a functional role in endocrine regulation of the menstrual cycle. According to available evidence, oligomenorrhea (cycles longer than 35 days) is the most common menstrual disturbance among endocrine disorders (thyrotoxicosis, hypothyroidism, polycystic ovary syndrome, Cushing's syndrome, and diabetes). Complex endocrine pathways play an essential role in a women's menstrual calendar.
Conclusions
The menstrual cycle length and amount of bleeding can be indicative of endocrine disorders. Further studies are needed to identify the unknowns about the association between endocrine disorders and the menstrual cycle.
PMID 33613678 33613678 DOI 10.5812/ijem.106694 10.5812/ijem.106694 Saei Ghare Naz et al. 2021, Saei Ghare Naz 2021
Cite this article
Saei Ghare Naz, M., Dovom, M. R., & Ramezani Tehrani, F. (2020). The Menstrual Disturbances in Endocrine Disorders: A Narrative Review. International journal of endocrinology and metabolism, 18(4), e106694. https://doi.org/10.5812/ijem.106694
Saei Ghare Naz M, Dovom MR, Ramezani Tehrani F. The Menstrual Disturbances in Endocrine Disorders: A Narrative Review. Int J Endocrinol Metab. 2020;18(4):e106694. doi:10.5812/ijem.106694
Saei Ghare Naz, Marzieh, et al. "The Menstrual Disturbances in Endocrine Disorders: A Narrative Review." International journal of endocrinology and metabolism, vol. 18, no. 4, 2020, pp. e106694.
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