Women experiencing recurrent spontaneous abortion have a higher frequency of infertility than that expected in the general population. To further define the relationships between infertility and spontaneous abortion, the obstetrical histories of 43 women with unexplained secondary infertility were evaluated for the frequency of spontaneous abortion. Of the 88 pregnancies studied, 39 (44%) resulted in spontaneous abortion. Women with unexplained secondary infertility experienced a three-fold increase (P less than 0.0001) in the frequency of spontaneous abortions and half the number of live births (P less than 0.0001) compared with the general population. We conclude that the association between infertility and spontaneous abortion includes a higher frequency of spontaneous abortion among infertile couples as well as a higher prevalence of infertility among recurrent spontaneous aborters compared with the general population.
recurrent spontaneous abortion infertility association, unexplained secondary infertility miscarriage rate, Coulam infertility spontaneous abortion immunology, recurrent pregnancy loss infertility frequency relationship, unexplained infertility higher spontaneous abortion risk, reproductive immunology recurrent miscarriage infertility overlap, obstetrical history secondary infertility spontaneous abortion, live birth rate unexplained secondary infertility, immunological factors recurrent abortion infertility, bidirectional association infertility recurrent pregnancy loss
PMID 1418404 1418404 DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0897.1992.tb00739.x 10.1111/j.1600-0897.1992.tb00739.x
Cite this article
Coulam, C. B. (1992). Association between infertility and spontaneous abortion. American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989), 27(3-4), 128-129. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0897.1992.tb00739.x
Coulam CB. Association between infertility and spontaneous abortion. Am J Reprod Immunol. 1992;27(3-4):128-129. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0897.1992.tb00739.x
Coulam, C. B. "Association between infertility and spontaneous abortion." American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989), vol. 27, no. 3-4, 1992, pp. 128-129.
Xu Y et al., 2020·American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989)
Chronic endometritis (CE) is an unusual inflammatory condition characterized by endometrial plasmacyte infiltration. It has a high prevalence in women with reproductive failure. Because of its characteristic localization patterns and molecular functions, syndecan-1 has been identified as a biomarker of plasmacyte, and syndecan-1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) becomes the most dependable diagnostic method for CE. In this review, we discuss the association between CE and reproductive failure, the clinicopathological characterization of CE, the function and expression of syndecan-1, the progress of syndecan-1 IHC in the diagnosis of CE, and the prediction of reproductive outcome.
Chronic endometritis (CE) is a local inflammatory disease characterized by unusual plasmacyte infiltration in the endometrial stromal areas. CE has been neglected in gynecologic practice, as it is a less symptomatic benign disease that requires demanding and time-consuming histopathologic examinations for the definite diagnosis. Recent studies, however, suggest the association of CE with infertility and obstetric and neonatal complications. In this review article, we aimed to update the knowledge on epidemiology, etiology, and pathogenesis of CE as well as discuss its clinical management from diagnosis to treatment.
Jin LP et al., 2011·American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989)
PROBLEM To evaluate whether the association of the costimulatory signal regulation with T helper 1/T helper 2 (Th1/Th2) bias at maternal-fetal interface in human pregnancy loss. METHOD OF STUDY The expression of CD80 and CD86 in decidual tissues and CD28 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) in the decidual T cells was compared between normal early pregnancy and miscarriage by qPCR and Western blot. The cytokine production in decidual T cells was performed by flow cytometry. The correlation of costimulatory molecule expression with Th1/Th2 cytokines was analyzed. RESULTS The CD80 mRNA and protein expression showed no significant difference between normal pregnancy and miscarriage. An increase in the expression of CD28 and CD86 was accompanied by a decrease in the expression of CTLA-4 in miscarriage in comparison with the early pregnancy. The higher expression of interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and lower expression of IL-4 and IL-10 in the decidual T cells were present in miscarriage. A correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation of CD86 and CD28 expression with the Th1 cytokine production (IL-2 and IFN-γ), a significant negative correlation of CTLA-4 expression with the Th1 cytokine production. CONCLUSION The upregualtion of costimulatory signals on T cells might form an abnormal immune microenvironment, a shift to Th1 responses, at maternal-fetal interface, which leads to human miscarriage.
Mor G et al., 2010·American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989)
Placental immune response and its tropism for specific viruses and pathogens affect the outcome of the pregnant woman's susceptibility to and severity of certain infectious diseases. The generalization of pregnancy as a condition of immune suppression or increased risk is misleading and prevents the determination of adequate guidelines for treating pregnant women during pandemics. There is a need to evaluate the interaction of each specific pathogen with the fetal/placental unit and its responses to design the adequate prophylaxis or therapy. The complexity of the immunology of pregnancy and the focus, for many years, on the concept of immunology of pregnancy as an organ transplantation have complicated the field and delayed the development of new guidelines with clinical implications that could help to answer these and other relevant questions. Our challenge as scientists and clinicians interested in the field of reproductive immunology is to evaluate many of the 'classical concepts' to define new approaches for a better understanding of the immunology of pregnancy that will benefit mothers and fetuses in different clinical scenarios.