In vitro fertilization availability and utilization in the United States: a study of demographic, social, and economic factors

Ahmad O Hammoud; Mark Gibson; Joseph Stanford; George White; Douglas T Carrell; Matthew Peterson

doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.10.038

Cost and Access · Access and Coverage

In vitro fertilization availability and utilization in the United States: a study of demographic, social, and economic factors

Hammoud AO, Gibson M, Stanford J, White G, Carrell DT, Peterson M

Published May 2009 Fertility and sterility, 91(5), 1630-1635

DOI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.10.038 PMID 18539275

Abstract

Objective

To characterize the demographic correlates of IVF availability and utilization.

Design

Demographic analysis of public data.

Setting

Each of the 50 states in the United States was used as a unit of analysis.

Patients

Patients undergoing IVF, as demographically estimated.

Interventions

Publicly available data were collected through the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology and the Centers for Disease Control. The US Census Bureau data were collected by using software available from the Centers for Disease Control.

Main Outcome Measures

The number of physicians performing IVF and the number of IVF cycles per 100,000 reproductive-age women were used to estimate IVF availability and utilization.

Results

In 2005, 1,031 providers performed 98,242 fresh IVF cycles in 430 centers. Overall availability was 2.5 IVF physicians per 100,000, and utilization was 236 IVF cycles per 100,000. Availability and utilization of IVF were highly correlated. Mean IVF availability and utilization were significantly higher in states with IVF insurance coverage. In adjusted analyses, IVF availability correlated positively with mandated insurance coverage, percentage of single persons, and median income. Utilization of IVF correlated with IVF availability, percentage urbanization, and percentage of individuals >or=25 years of age who had a bachelor's degree.

Conclusions

Lower rates of IVF utilization in some states are correlated with a lack of insurance coverage and decreased availability of physicians providing this service.

Topics

Cost and Access › Access and Coverage › Workforce and Availability · Assisted Reproduction › Industry, Cost and Access › Utilization Trends · Ethics and Policy › Policy and Regulation › Access and Coverage Policy

Ahmad O Hammoud, Mark Gibson, Joseph Stanford, George White, Douglas T Carrell, Matthew Peterson

A Hammoud, M Gibson, Joe Stanford, Joey Stanford, J Stanford, G White, Doug Carrell, D Carrell, Matt Peterson, M Peterson

PMID 18539275 18539275 DOI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.10.038 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.10.038 Hammoud et al. 2009, Hammoud 2009

In vitro fertilization availability and utilization in the United States: a study of demographic, social, and economic factors

Abstract

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