2026
Abstract not indexed. Read at source
Topics
PAPP-A IGF-1 frozen embryo transfer early pregnancy, programmed cycle versus natural cycle FET placental biomarkers, preeclampsia risk programmed cycle frozen embryo transfer, PAPP-A concentration modified natural cycle FET, IGF-1 early placental function frozen embryo transfer protocol, randomized controlled trial FET protocol pregnancy outcomes, anovulatory women gonadotrophin stimulated cycle FET PAPP-A, oral estradiol programmed cycle placental development, Mørch Nøhr frozen embryo transfer biomarkers RCT, early pregnancy placental biology frozen thawed blastocyst transfer, endometrial preparation estradiol progesterone placental complications
Cite this article
Hilgers, T. W. (1991). Progesterone Support in Pregnancy.
Hilgers TW. Progesterone Support in Pregnancy. 1991.
Hilgers, T. W. Progesterone Support in Pregnancy. 1991.
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# Fertility treatment 2023: Preliminary UK statistics for IVF and DI treatment, storage, June 2025 You have chosen not to allow videos from the 3rd party streaming service (YouTube), if you would like to see these videos, please change your [Privacy policy and cookie settings](https://www.hfea.gov.uk/privacy-policy-cookies-and-accessibility "Visit the 'Privacy policy and cookies' page"). [Download the underlying dataset as Excel Worksheet](https://www.hfea.gov.uk/media/3qip3kon/fertility-treatment-2023-trends-and-figures-underlying-dataset.xlsx "Download the underlying dataset for the ‘Fertility treatment 2023: trends and figures’ report") ## - [Main points](https://www.hfea.gov.uk/about-us/publications/research-and-data/fertility-treatment-2023-trends-and-figures/#main-points) - [Note on preliminary data](https://www.hfea.gov.uk/about-us/publications/research-and-data/fertility-treatment-2023-trends-and-figures/#note-on-preliminary-data) - [Section 1: More babies born from IVF in the UK](https://www.hfea.gov.uk/about-us/publications/research-and-data/fertility-treatment-2023-trends-and-figures/#section-1) - [Section 2: IVF pregnancy and birth rates using fresh embryo transfers increased over the years, though lower for Black patients](https://www.hfea.gov.uk/about-us/publications/research-and-data/fertility-treatment-2023-trends-and-figures/#section-2) - [Section 3: Average pregnancy and birth rates using frozen embryo transfers increased in 2023](https://www.hfea.gov.uk/about-us/publications/research-and-data/fertility-treatment-2023-trends-and-figures/#section-3) - [Section 4: Multiple births rate from IVF is one of the lowest in the world](https://www.hfea.gov.uk/about-us/publications/research-and-data/fertility-treatment-2023-trends-and-figures/#section-4) - [Section 5: Most treatment types have increased across the UK since 2019](https://www.hfea.gov.uk/about-us/publications/research-and-data/fertili...
InfertilityFrozen Embryo TransferThin EndometriumFertility Outcomes
The Effect of Tamoxifen on Thin Endometrium in Patients Undergoing Frozen-Thawed Embryo Transfer
Ke H et al., 2017·Reprod Sci
Tamoxifen has played a vital role in endocrine therapy for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. We examined the effect of tamoxifen in patients with a thin endometrium in frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles and compared the improvement in endometrial thickness (EMT) and pregnancy outcomes stratified by different etiologies of thin endometrium. A total of 226 women were recruited for a new tamoxifen protocol; all had an EMT of less than 7.5 mm in previous cycles, including natural cycle (NC), hormone replacement treatment (HRT), and ovulation induction (OI) cycles. Compared with previous cycles, tamoxifen cycles showed a significantly increased EMT (from 6.11 ± 0.98 mm to 7.87 ± 1.48 mm in the NC group, from 6.24 ± 1.01 mm to 8.22 ± 1.67 mm in the HRT group, and from 6.34 ± 1.03 mm to 8.05 ± 1.58 mm in the OI group; all P < .001). Patients were further divided into 3 groups based on the causes (1) history of intrauterine adhesion (n = 34), (2) history of uterine curettage (n = 141), and (3) polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS; n = 51). Patients with PCOS obtained the thickest EMT (9.31 ± 1.55 mm), the lowest cycle cancellation rate (11.76%), and the highest rate of clinical pregnancy (60%) and live birth (55.56%) per transfer ( P < .001). Multivariable regression analysis showed that EMT was related to live birth (odds 1.487; 95% 1.172-1.887). A tamoxifen protocol improves EMT in patients after NC, HRT, and OI cycles during FET. Patients with PCOS show the most benefit from tamoxifen and achieve better pregnancy outcomes.
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Bonnesen B et al., 2015·Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand
Very few studies describe the obstetric and neonatal outcome of spontaneous pregnancies in women with irregular menstrual cycles. However, menstrual cycle irregularities are common and may be associated with increased risk, and women who develop pregnancy complications more frequently recollect irregular menstrual cycles before the time of conception in case-control studies. This retrospective cohort study compares obstetric and neonatal outcomes in spontaneous singleton pregnancies in 3440 primiparous Danish women stratified according to menstrual cycle regularity. All pregnancies delivered after 22 weeks of gestation and had a nuchal translucency examination at Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2010. Menstrual cycle irregularity was defined as more than 7 days' deviation between self-reported and ultrasound examination-based gestational age. Outcome measures were gestational diabetes, hypertension, preeclampsia, preterm premature rupture of membranes, preterm birth, prolonged pregnancy, birthweight, umbilical artery pH <7.1, APGAR <7 after 5 min, admission to neonatal intensive care unit and stillbirth. Women with more than 7 days' deviation between self-reported and ultrasound examination-based gestational age were compared with women with a deviation of 7 days or less. Irregular menstrual cycle before conception increases the risk of preeclampsia (7.9% vs. 5.2%, p < 0.05) and low birthweight (6.0% vs. 3.6%, p < 0.05) in spontaneous pregnancies, but reduces the risk of prolonged pregnancy (1.4% vs. 4.7%, p < 0.001). Irregular menstrual cycle before conception is associated with increased risk of adverse obstetric and neonatal outcome.