Uterine and Pelvic Conditions Fibroids

Uterine Fibroids

Stewart EA, Laughlin-Tommaso SK

Published November 7, 2024 N Engl J Med
DOI 10.1056/NEJMcp2309623 PMID 39504521

RRM Academy Synopsis

Uterine fibroid symptoms can ease with drugs and uterine-sparing care

Medicines and procedures that keep the uterus can relieve fibroid symptoms, says a 2024 clinical practice review. The authors say these options should be used more widely. They cite observational studies that tie hysterectomy to higher risks of heart and blood vessel disease, anxiety, depression, and death.

Study at a glance, clinical practice review: Uterine-sparing care can ease fibroid symptoms, a 2024 review says
Study at a glance, clinical practice review: Uterine-sparing care can ease fibroid symptoms, a 2024 review says. Source: Stewart EA et al., 2024, PMID 39504521.

Key Findings

  • Across a lifetime, fibroids affect 70 to 80% of people with a uterus, and up to 50% of those with fibroids have symptoms.
  • In trials, oral gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist combinations lowered heavy menstrual bleeding by 50 to 75% and pain by 40 to 50%. Hot flushes, headaches, and nausea occurred in <20% of participants.
  • Within 5 years after myomectomy, new fibroids developed in approximately 50% of persons. Reintervention percentages generally ranged up to 33%, with follow-up of up to 5 years after treatment.
  • In a recent study of commercially insured patients, nearly 60% of those undergoing hysterectomy for fibroids had not previously received a conservative treatment.
  • After hysterectomy at 35 or younger, coronary artery disease risk was 2.5 times and congestive heart failure risk 4.6 times that of women without it, over a median follow-up of 22 years.

Interpretation

This clinical practice review combines trial and cohort data with the authors' own treatment advice. The authors rate the evidence for contraceptive hormones, the usual first step, as low quality. Ibuprofen and tranexamic acid have stronger evidence for heavy periods with no known cause. The authors note that long-term studies of reintervention after uterine-sparing procedures have not been done. Observational studies link hysterectomy to higher rates of heart disease, mood disorders, and death. The findings support larger studies of uterine-sparing treatments as alternatives to hysterectomy.

RRM Context

The authors say fibroid symptoms may overlap with those of ovulation problems and adenomyosis. The drug they recommend for the opening case is a suppressive pill. One ingredient lowers ovarian hormone production, and the pill is approved for 24 months of use in the United States. Restorative reproductive medicine starts by asking why the bleeding is heavy. For fertility, most guidelines suggest taking fibroids out by surgery.

Abstract not indexed.

Topics

By this author

Related research

Uterine and Pelvic Conditions › Fibroids › Fibroid Management · Therapeutics › Hormonal Agents › Progesterone and Progestins
Elizabeth A Stewart, Shannon K Laughlin-Tommaso
Liz Stewart, Beth Stewart, Betsy Stewart, E Stewart, S Laughlin-Tommaso
PMID 39504521 39504521 DOI 10.1056/NEJMcp2309623 10.1056/NEJMcp2309623 Stewart et al. 2024, Stewart 2024