The rate of adhesion formation after ovarian electrocauterization has been described in two selective and unselective groups of patients with PCOS. The rate of this complication in the selective group was 0 from 16 ovaries and in the unselective group (5/25). However, the rate of major adnexal adhesion in the unselective group was 1 from 25 ovaries.
PMID 2037115 2037115 DOI 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)54377-5 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)54377-5
Cite this article
Dabirashrafi, H., Mohamad, K., Behjatnia, Y., & Moghadami-Tabrizi, N. (1991). Adhesion formation after ovarian electrocauterization on patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Fertility and sterility, 55(6), 1200-1201. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0015-0282(16)54377-5
Dabirashrafi H, Mohamad K, Behjatnia Y, Moghadami-Tabrizi N. Adhesion formation after ovarian electrocauterization on patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Fertil Steril. 1991;55(6):1200-1201. doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)54377-5
Dabirashrafi, H., et al. "Adhesion formation after ovarian electrocauterization on patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome." Fertility and sterility, vol. 55, no. 6, 1991, pp. 1200-1201.
To evaluate the incidence and extent of periovarian adhesion formation subsequent to laparoscopic electrocoagulation of the ovarian surface in infertility patients with polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD). From a total of 199 PCOD patients treated with ovarian electrocautery, 50 cases of laparoscopy and 12 cesarean sections served as second-look investigation. A subgroup of 30 patients had abdominal lavage and artificial ascites after surgery; they underwent "early" second-look (2 to 14 days after laparoscopy). All patients were referred to our fertility outpatient clinic affiliated with the university hospital. Infertility patients with polycystic ovarian reaction to hormonal stimulation therapy underwent laparoscopic electrocoagulation of the ovarian surface. Adhesion formation was detected in 19.3%; the incidence reduced to 16.6% with the use of abdominal lavage. The adhesions found were obviously due to bleeding of the ovarian capsule caused by electrocautery. Adhesiolysis was easily possible during "early" second-look. The incidence of de novo adhesion formation caused by laparoscopic electrocoagulation of the ovarian surface seems to be lower than after ovarian wedge resection; it can be reduced by abdominal lavage and artificial ascites.
Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine, 2026·Fertility and Sterility
Current strategies for the assessment and treatment of recurrent pregnancy loss are discussed. This replaces the previous document, titled, "Evaluation and treatment a committee opinion," last published in 2012.
This narrative review examines the evidence for medical optimization of inflammatory conditions, vitamin deficiencies, endocrine disorders, immune dysregulation, oligo-ovulation, and luteal phase factors to improve fertility outcomes in women attempting to conceive through natural or timed intercourse. Overall, there is a paucity of data with respect to these categories among patients pursuing timed intercourse, precluding our ability to draw strong recommendations. However, there is strong evidence supporting treatment of endocrine disorders, specifically overt thyroid dysfunction and hyperprolactinemia, as well as oligo-ovulation. Conversely, treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism is not recommended. The current data are insufficient to support empiric use of antiinflammatory medications, corticosteroids, thyroid hormones, or vitamins or supplements to improve chances of pregnancy in a general infertility population.
Restorative Reproductive Medicine (RRM) aims to restore fertility by diagnosing and treating the underlying causes of infertility. RRM is frequently promoted as an alternative to assisted reproductive technology (ART), despite uncertainty regarding its comparative effectiveness and safety. Where delayed childbearing and infertility are becoming more common, reliance on optimization of natural physiology alone may delay effective treatment and compromise reproductive outcomes. A systematic review of the current evidence comparing RRM to either ART or unassisted conception is, therefore, essential to inform clinical practice, guideline development, and shared decision-making for patients experiencing infertility. To assess the effectiveness and safety of RRM approaches, evaluated as a whole, rather than as individual components, compared with ART and medically unassisted conception in couples experiencing infertility. A systematic literature search of MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL and the Journal of Restorative Reproductive Medicine from inception to 28 November 2025. We included randomized control trials (RCTs) or nonrandomized comparative studies evaluating reproductive and safety outcomes of RRM as a unified treatment, compared with either ART or expectant management (attempted medically unassisted conception). Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts and full texts with disagreements resolved by a third reviewer. We retrieved 724 records, of which 16 studies underwent full-text review. No RCTs or comparative observational studies were identified. All 16 full-text studies were excluded for an ineligible study design (no control group); most were cohort studies in which all participants underwent RRM. Ten studies reported reproductive outcomes; nine of these made claims regarding the benefits or effectiveness of RRM. None of these claims were supported by the study designs used, as the lack of a comparison group precludes reliable estimation of treatment effects. Consequently, these studies cannot provide valid estimates of RRM success rates, nor permit any meaningful inference about its effectiveness relative to unassisted conception or ART. Large-scale RCTs or prospective cohort studies reporting effectiveness and safety outcomes are required to inform evidence-based fertility guidelines. There are no comparative studies to support reliable estimates of the safety and effectiveness of RRM compared with ART or medically unassisted conception for couples experiencing infertility.