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Hormonal monitoring of ovarian activity using the Ovarian Monitor, part I. Validation of home and laboratory results obtained during ovulatory cycles by comparison with radioimmunoassay

Blackwell LF et al., 2003 Steroids

A study was conducted to determine the accuracy and reliability of the Home Ovarian Monitor for measuring estrone glucuronide (E1G) and pregnanediol glucuronide (PdG) during ovulatory cycles as a mean...

Fertility Awareness > Hormone Monitoring > Urinary Hormone AssaysDiagnostics > Ovulation Detection > Home Monitoring DevicesResearch Methodology > Validation Studies > Assay Comparison

Relation of intra-abdominal fat distribution to metabolic disorders in nonobese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

Yildirim B et al., 2003 Fertility and Sterility

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relation between intra-abdominal fat distribution and metabolic disorders in nonobese patients with the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). DESIGN: Prospective case-contro...

PCOS > Metabolic Features > Insulin ResistancePCOS > Metabolic Features > Visceral AdiposityPCOS > Diagnosis > Body Composition Assessment

Do assisted reproductive technologies cause adverse fetal outcomes?

Kovalevsky G et al., 2003 Fertility and Sterility

Treatment for infertility using assisted reproductive technologies (ART) is highly successful and has been used to help a steadily growing number of couples worldwide. In 1999, in the United States, m...

Contraception/Comparison > ART Outcomes > Fetal and Neonatal RisksInfertility > Assisted Reproduction > Adverse OutcomesResearch Methodology > Study Design > Confounders in ART Studies

Vulvar mucus observations and the probability of pregnancy

Stanford JB et al., 2003 Obstetrics and Gynecology

OBJECTIVE: To assess the day-specific and cycle-specific probabilities of conception leading to clinical pregnancy, in relation to the timing of intercourse and vulvar mucus observations. METHODS: Th...

NaProTECHNOLOGY > Fertility Assessment > Cervical Mucus ObservationsFertility Awareness > Mucus-Based Methods > Creighton ModelInfertility > Natural Fertility Indicators > Day-Specific Conception Probability

Subcutaneous versus intramuscular administration of human chorionic gonadotropin during an in vitro fertilization cycle

Stelling JR et al., 2003 Fertility and Sterility

OBJECTIVE: To confirm that hCG levels in follicular fluid and serum would be comparable between i.m. and s.c. administration of purified hCG. DESIGN: In a prospective study, serum and follicular flui...

Infertility > IVF Protocols > hCG AdministrationReproductive Endocrinology > Gonadotropins > hCG PharmacokineticsResearch Methodology > Prospective Studies > Drug Administration Comparison

Success of laparoscopic ovarian wedge resection is related to obesity, lipid profile, and insulin levels

Duleba AJ et al., 2003 Fertility and Sterility

Objective: To evaluate the effects of laparoscopic ovarian wedge resection on hormonal and metabolic parameters of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and to compare profiles of women who achieved pregna...

PCOS > Surgical Treatment > Ovarian Wedge ResectionPCOS > Metabolic Features > Insulin and Lipid ProfilesSurgery > Laparoscopic Procedures > Ovarian Surgery for PCOS

Metformin has direct effects on human ovarian steroidogenesis

Mansfield R et al., 2003 Fertility and Sterility

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possibility of direct effects of metformin on ovarian steroidogenesis. DESIGN: Cultured ovarian cells. SETTING: Academic research environment. PATIENT(S): Women underg...

PCOS > Medical Treatment > MetforminReproductive Endocrinology > Ovarian Steroidogenesis > Drug EffectsPCOS > Pathophysiology > Androgen Production

Use of recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin in ovulation induction

Ludwig M et al., 2003 Fertility and Sterility

To review the use of hCG and to describe the clinical benefit of recombinant hCG (r-hCG) based on the published results of prospective, randomized studies. Review of published articles. Tertiary infer...

Reproductive Endocrinology > Gonadotropins > Recombinant hCGInfertility > Ovulation Induction > hCG Trigger ProtocolsInfertility > IVF Protocols > Ovulation Trigger Comparison

Cryopreserved embryos in the United States and their availability for research

Hoffman DI et al., 2003 Fertility and Sterility

OBJECTIVE: To determine the number of embryos stored at assisted reproductive technology (ART) clinics in the United States and their current disposition. DESIGN: A targeted survey instrument sent by...

Ethics/Philosophy > Embryo Status > Cryopreserved Embryo DispositionInfertility > Assisted Reproductive Technology > IVF Embryo StorageResearch Methodology > Survey Studies > ART Practice Surveys

Accuracy of laparoscopic diagnosis of endometriosis

Mettler L et al., 2003 JSLS : Journal of the Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Laparoscopy is the standard method to visually identify endometriotic lesions under magnification within and outside the minor pelvis. The aim of this study was to analyze th...

Endometriosis > Diagnosis > Laparoscopic Visualization AccuracyDiagnostics > Surgical Diagnosis > Histological ConfirmationSurgery > Laparoscopy > Endometriosis Biopsy Techniques

Factors influencing the choice to use modern natural family planning

Rauchfuss M et al., 2003 Contraception

A discrepancy exists between the interest in modern methods of natural family planning (NFP) and their actual use in developed countries. To explore reasons for this discrepancy, we analyzed data from...

Fertility Awareness > Adoption and Use > Factors Influencing NFP ChoiceBody Literacy > Self-Observation > Fertile Window IdentificationResearch Methodology > Survey Studies > Cross-Cultural Questionnaire

Associations among disease conditions, bone mineral density, and prevalent vertebral deformities in men and women 50 years of age and older: cross-sectional results from the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study

D A Hanley et al., 2003 J Bone Miner Res

This cross-sectional cohort study of 5566 women and 2187 men 50 years of age and older in the population-based Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study was conducted to determine whether reported past ...

Contraception/Comparison > Emergency Contraception > Yuzpe Regimen MechanismEthics/Philosophy > Mechanism of Action > Post-Fertilization EffectsResearch Methodology > Statistical Analysis > Risk Attribution

Effect of rosiglitazone on spontaneous and clomiphene citrate-induced ovulation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Ghazeeri G et al., 2003 Fertility and Sterility

OBJECTIVE: In women suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), correction of hyperinsulinemia results enhances spontaneous ovulation or alternatively, the responsiveness to ovulation induction a...

PCOS > Medical Treatment > Insulin SensitizersPCOS > Ovulation Induction > Clomiphene Citrate ResistanceReproductive Endocrinology > Hyperinsulinemia > Ovulatory Dysfunction

Births: final data for 2001

Martin JA et al., 2003 National Vital Statistics Reports : From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System

OBJECTIVES: This report presents 2001 data on U.S. births according to a wide variety of characteristics. Data are presented for maternal demographic characteristics including age, live-birth order, r...

General OB/GYN > Vital Statistics > US Birth DataPregnancy > Epidemiology > National Birth TrendsPregnancy > Preterm Birth > Population-Level Trends

Ovarian wedge resection by minilaparatomy in infertile patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome: a new technique

Yildirim M et al., 2003 European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of ovarian wedge resection by minilaparotomy in infertile patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). STUDY DESIGN: One hundred and thirty-four anovulatory p...

PCOS > Surgical Treatment > Ovarian Wedge ResectionInfertility > Surgical Interventions > Minilaparotomy TechniquesSurgery > Microsurgical Techniques > Adhesion Prevention

Prophylactic administration of progesterone by vaginal suppository to reduce the incidence of spontaneous preterm birth in women at increased risk: a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study

da Fonseca EB et al., 2003 American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of prophylactic vaginal progesterone in decreasing preterm birth rate in a high-risk population. STUDY DESIGN: A randomized, double-bli...

Pregnancy > Preterm Birth > Progesterone ProphylaxisRRM Methods > Progesterone Supplementation > Preterm Birth PreventionResearch Methodology > Randomized Controlled Trials > Pregnancy Interventions

Use of carnitine therapy in selected cases of male factor infertility: a double-blind crossover trial

Lenzi A et al., 2003 Fertility and Sterility

Objective: To determine the efficacy of L-carnitine therapy in selected cases of male factor infertility. Design: Placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover trial. Setting: University tertiary referr...

Andrology > Medical Treatment > Carnitine SupplementationAndrology > Semen Analysis > Sperm Motility ParametersInfertility > Male Factor > Nutritional Therapy

Decreased mature adrenomedullin levels in feto-maternal tissues of pregnant women with histologic chorioamnionitis

Makino I et al., 2003 Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications

Adrenomedullin (AM) gains its bioactivity by amidation at its C-terminal, forming "mature AM." The mature AM and the expression of AM receptor component mRNAs, receptor activity-modifying protein 2 an...

Pregnancy > Infections > ChorioamnionitisPregnancy > Biomarkers > AdrenomedullinDiagnostics > Placental Pathology > Inflammatory Markers

The diagnostic dilemma of minimal and mild endometriosis under routine conditions

Buchweitz O et al., 2003 The Journal of the American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reliability of diagnosing minimal and mild endometriosis under routine conditions, and to determine to what extent disease activity is taken into account. DESIGN: Ret...

Endometriosis > Diagnosis > Laparoscopic IdentificationEndometriosis > Classification > Minimal and Mild DiseaseDiagnostics > Surgical Diagnosis > Histologic Confirmation

Hormonal contraceptive use and HIV-1 infection in a population-based cohort in Rakai, Uganda

Kiddugavu M et al., 2003 AIDS

Background: Hormonal contraceptives have been associated with increased risk of HIV acquisition. Methods: The association between hormonal contraception use and HIV acquisition was assessed in a rura...

Contraception/Comparison > Hormonal Contraception > HIV RiskContraception/Comparison > Injectable Contraceptives > Health OutcomesResearch Methodology > Epidemiology > Population-Based Cohort

Regulation of gonadotropin secretion: implications for polycystic ovary syndrome

McCartney CR et al., 2003 Seminars in Reproductive Medicine

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a disorder characterized by hyperandrogenism and chronic anovulation. Although the etiology of PCOS is unknown, perturbations of gonadotropin secretion are one of t...

PCOS > Pathophysiology > Neuroendocrine DysfunctionReproductive Endocrinology > Gonadotropin Regulation > GnRH PulsatilityPCOS > Pathophysiology > Hyperandrogenism and Anovulation

A systematic review of the reproductive system effects of metformin in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

Costello MF et al., 2003 Fertility and Sterility

OBJECTIVE: To review the effectiveness of metformin in restoring regular menstrual cycles and ovulation and achieving pregnancy in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). DESIGN: Systematic revi...

PCOS > Medical Treatment > MetforminInfertility > Ovulation Induction > Insulin SensitizersResearch Methodology > Systematic Reviews > PCOS Treatment

Mechanisms of action of intrauterine devices: update and estimation of postfertilization effects

Stanford JB et al., 2002 American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

There are many potential mechanisms of action for the intrauterine device (IUD), which vary by type of IUD (inert, copper, or hormonal). This paper reviews the evidence for each potential mechanism of...

Contraception/Comparison > Intrauterine Devices > Mechanisms of ActionContraception/Comparison > Intrauterine Devices > Postfertilization EffectsEthics/Philosophy > Contraception Ethics > Abortifacient Mechanisms

The impact of iron and selenium deficiencies on iodine and thyroid metabolism: biochemistry and relevance to public health

Zimmermann MB et al., 2002 Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association

Several minerals and trace elements are essential for normal thyroid hormone metabolism, e.g., iodine, iron, selenium, and zinc. Coexisting deficiencies of these elements can impair thyroid function. ...

Reproductive Endocrinology > Thyroid Disorders > Micronutrient DeficienciesReproductive Endocrinology > Thyroid Disorders > Thyroid Hormone MetabolismDiagnostics > Nutritional Assessment > Trace Element Deficiency

Insulin-lowering treatment reduces aromatase activity in response to follicle-stimulating hormone in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

la Marca A et al., 2002 Fertility and Sterility

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of reduction of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia associated with the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) on FSH-stimulated ovarian aromatase activity. DESIGN...

PCOS > Medical Treatment > MetforminPCOS > Pathophysiology > Insulin Resistance and HyperandrogenismReproductive Endocrinology > Ovarian Steroidogenesis > Aromatase Activity

Comparison of spironolactone and spironolactone plus finasteride in the treatment of hirsutism

Unlühizarci K K et al., 2002 Fertility and Sterility

Hirsutism is a very common clinical problem encountered in daily practice, and, unfortunately, its treatment is far from satisfactory. In several studies, antiandrogens were given in combination with ...

PCOS > Medical Treatment > Antiandrogen TherapyPCOS > Symptoms > Hirsutism ManagementGeneral OB/GYN > Hyperandrogenism > Pharmacological Treatment

First-trimester pregnancy loss and active Chlamydia trachomatis infection: correlation and ultrastructural evidence

Vigil P et al., 2002 Andrologia

The incidence of Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) infection and the possible correlation between couples presenting with first-trimester spontaneous abortions and active Ct infection was assessed. Additiona...

Infertility > Infectious Causes > Chlamydia TrachomatisPregnancy > Early Pregnancy Loss > Infectious EtiologyDiagnostics > Infection Screening > Chlamydia Detection

Timing intercourse to achieve pregnancy: current evidence

Stanford JB et al., 2002 Obstetrics and Gynecology

Physicians who counsel women for preconception concerns are in an excellent position to give advice to couples regarding the optimal timing of intercourse to achieve pregnancy. The currently available...

Fertility Awareness > Methods > Fertile Window IdentificationInfertility > Natural Conception Optimization > Intercourse TimingBody Literacy > Cervical Mucus Monitoring > Ovulation Detection

Pregnancy in the sixth decade of life: obstetric outcomes in women of advanced reproductive age

Paulson RJ et al., 2002 JAMA

CONTEXT: As a result of oocyte donation, women in their sixth decade of life are now able to conceive and carry pregnancies to term. However, little is known about pregnancy outcomes in this populatio...

Pregnancy > High-Risk Pregnancy > Advanced Maternal AgePregnancy > Complications > Preeclampsia and Gestational DiabetesInfertility > Assisted Reproduction > Oocyte Donation Outcomes

Accuracy of the peak day of cervical mucus as a biological marker of fertility

Fehring RJ, 2002 Contraception

The (PD) peak day of cervical mucus is an important biologic marker for the self-determination of the optimal time of fertility in a woman's menstrual cycle. The purpose of this article is to provide ...

Fertility Awareness > Biomarkers > Cervical Mucus Peak DayBody Literacy > Cervical Mucus Monitoring > Ovulation CorrelationDiagnostics > Ovulation Detection > Cervical Mucus Assessment

Community-based exercise program reduces risk factors for falls in 65- to 75-year-old women with osteoporosis: randomized controlled trial

Nick D Carter et al., 2002 CMAJ

Background: Exercise programs improve balance, strength and agility in elderly people and thus may prevent falls. However, specific exercise programs that might be widely used in the community and tha...

Bone Health > Fall Prevention > Exercise InterventionsBone Health > Osteoporosis > Non-Pharmacological ManagementResearch Methodology > Randomized Controlled Trials > Exercise Interventions

C-reactive protein: history and revival

Ablij H et al., 2002 European Journal of Internal Medicine

C-reactive protein (CRP) is the prototype acute-phase protein, which can increase up to 1000-fold after the onset of a stimulus. Aside from its disputed role as a marker of infection and/or inflammati...

Diagnostics > Inflammatory Markers > C-Reactive ProteinGeneral OB/GYN > Systemic Inflammation > Biomarkers

Massive and acute hemoperitoneum due to rupture of the uterine artery by erosion from an endometriotic lesion

Janicki TI et al., 2002 Fertility and Sterility

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of acute hemoperitoneum due to erosion of the uterine artery by an endometriotic lesion of the left ovary. DESIGN: Case report and review of literature. SETTING: Universi...

Endometriosis > Complications > Vascular ErosionSurgery > Laparoscopy > Emergency Conversion to LaparotomyEndometriosis > Case Reports > Acute Hemoperitoneum

Peritoneal defects and the development of endometriosis in relation to the timing of endoscopic surgery during the menstrual cycle

Schweppe KW et al., 2002 Fertility and Sterility

OBJECTIVE: In vitro studies demonstrated that implantation on membranes (peritoneum, amniotic membranes) can take place if there are defects on the surface of the membranes. If these mechanisms play a...

Surgery > Laparoscopy > Timing and OutcomesEndometriosis > Treatment > Surgical RecurrenceMenstrual Cycle > Luteal Phase > Surgical Implications

Antiphospholipid syndrome in pregnancy: a randomized, controlled trial of treatment

Farquharson RG et al., 2002 Obstetrics and Gynecology

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of low-dose aspirin alone versus low-dose aspirin plus low molecular weight heparin in pregnant women with antiphospholipid syndrome and recurrent miscarriage as pro...

Infertility > Recurrent Pregnancy Loss > Antiphospholipid SyndromeInfertility > Recurrent Pregnancy Loss > Anticoagulant TherapyResearch Methodology > Randomized Controlled Trial > Pregnancy Outcomes

Molecular progress in infertility: polycystic ovary syndrome

Legro RS et al., 2002 Fertility and Sterility

OBJECTIVE: To review the evidence that polycystic ovary syndrome is a genetic disease. DESIGN: Review of published literature. RESULTS: The existing literature provides a strong basis for arguing th...

PCOS > Pathophysiology > Genetic BasisPCOS > Diagnostics > Molecular MarkersReproductive Endocrinology > Genetics > Candidate Gene Studies

Increased prevalence of insulin resistance in women with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss

Craig LB et al., 2002 Fertility and Sterility

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether insulin resistance is associated with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). DESIGN: Single center, case-controlled, prospective study. SETTING: University-associated reprod...

Infertility > Recurrent Pregnancy Loss > Insulin ResistancePCOS > Metabolic Features > Insulin Resistance and PregnancyDiagnostics > Metabolic Testing > Fasting Insulin and Glucose

Daily fecundability: first results from a new data base

Colombo B et al., 2002 Demographic Research

This multicenter study has produced a database of 7017 menstrual cycles contributed by 881 women. It provides improved knowledge on length and location of the "fertile window" (identified as of up to ...

Fertility Awareness > Fecundability > Daily Conception ProbabilityFertility Awareness > Fertile Window > Duration and TimingResearch Methodology > Multicenter Study > Fecundability Estimation

Should patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome be treated with metformin?: an enthusiastic endorsement

Nestler JE, 2002 Human Reproduction (Oxford, England)

Insulin resistance is a prominent feature of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), and women with the disorder are at increased risk for the development of other diseases that have been linked to insuli...

PCOS > Treatment > MetforminPCOS > Metabolic Features > Insulin Resistance and Diabetes RiskContraception/Comparison > Oral Contraceptives > Metabolic Effects in PCOS

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection pregnancy after low-dose human chorionic gonadotropin alone to support ovarian folliculogenesis

Filicori M et al., 2002 Fertility and Sterility

OBJECTIVE: To prove that several days of low-dose hCG alone can be used to stimulate folliculogenesis, complete FSH-initiated follicle/oocyte maturation, and achieve pregnancy in assisted reproduction...

Reproductive Endocrinology > Ovulation Induction > hCG ProtocolsInfertility > Assisted Reproduction > ICSIReproductive Endocrinology > Folliculogenesis > LH/hCG Activity

Risk factors associated with systemic lupus erythematosis in a Mexican population

Zonana-Nacach A et al., 2002 Open Access Salud Publica De Mexico

Objective: To assess risk factors associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the Mexican population. MATERIAL AND Methods: A case-control study was conducted on June 1996, at the Reumathol...

General OB/GYN > Autoimmune Disease > Systemic Lupus ErythematosusContraception/Comparison > Oral Contraceptives > Autoimmune Disease RiskResearch Methodology > Case-Control Study > Risk Factor Analysis