Omega-3 Fatty Acids (Fertility Context)

Omega-3 fatty acids are healthy fats found mostly in oily fish and fish oil. The two main types are EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid). Omega-3s help reduce inflammation. They compete with another fat, arachidonic acid, for the same enzymes. As a result, the body produces fewer of the chemical signals that drive inflammation, such as prostaglandin E2.

The strongest evidence for omega-3s in reproductive health is a lower risk of preterm birth. A large review of trials in pregnant women found this benefit.¹ Other possible benefits come from laboratory and observational studies. These include better egg quality, better blood flow to the uterine lining, and less inflammation from endometriosis. They also include sperm with better movement (motility) and better shape (morphology). Trials have not yet settled these questions. RRM clinicians may add omega-3s to preconception care for both partners. The rationale is their effect on inflammation and on the immune system. The clinician chooses the dose and type to fit each couple.