Clomiphene citrate [1-p(β-diethylaminoethoxy) phenyl-1,2-diphenyl-2-chloroethylene citrate], because of its ability to induce ovulation, was administered to 26 patients with excessive anovulatory uterine bleeding. Of the 129 menstrual cycles during which the drug was administered, 105 cycles (81.3%) were ovulatory and were followed by normal uterine bleeding. After clomiphene was discontinued, observations made in 52 cycles showed that only 20 (38.4%) were ovulatory
PMID 14216475 14216475 DOI 10.1210/jcem-24-9-863 10.1210/jcem-24-9-863
Cite this article
Puebla, R. A., & Greenblatt, R. B. (1964). Clomiphene citrate in the management of anovulatory uterine bleeding. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 24(9), 863-866. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-24-9-863
Puebla RA, Greenblatt RB. Clomiphene citrate in the management of anovulatory uterine bleeding. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1964;24(9):863-866. doi:10.1210/jcem-24-9-863
Puebla, R. A., and R. B. Greenblatt. "Clomiphene citrate in the management of anovulatory uterine bleeding." The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, vol. 24, no. 9, 1964, pp. 863-866.
Keywords
Adolescent, Clomiphene, Drug Therapy, Female, Humans, Ovulation, Stilbenes, Uterine Hemorrhage, Stilbenes, Clomiphene, ADOLESCENCE, DRUG THERAPY, OVULATION, STILBENES, UTERINE HEMORRHAGE
To compare the rates of ovulation and pregnancy after tamoxifen citrate (TMX) or clomiphene citrate (CC) among anovulatory women with infertility. Prospective randomized trial. Infertility clinic in a university teaching hospital. PATIENT(S): Eighty-six anovulatory women under 40 years of age undergoing ovulation induction. INTERVENTION(S): The women were assigned randomly to receive either TMX or CC on cycle days 5-9. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Rates of ovulation and pregnancy for the two treatment modalities. RESULTS(S): The overall rate of ovulation in the TMX group was 50 of 113 (44.2%) and in the CC group, 41 of 91 (45.1%). There were 10 pregnancies in the TMX group and 6 pregnancies in the CC group. The cycle fecundity per ovulatory cycle was 20.0% in the TMX group and 14.6% in the CC group. CONCLUSION(S): The overall rate of ovulation and pregnancy were similar with TMX and CC. TMX is a suitable alternative agent to CC in the management of anovulatory infertility.
PCOSMetforminClomiphene CitrateCombined Medical Therapy
To determine whether metformin treatment increases the ovulation and pregnancy rates in response to clomiphene citrate (CC) in women who are resistant to CC alone. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Multicenter environment. PATIENT(S): Anovulatory women with the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) who were resistant to CC. INTERVENTION(S): Participants received placebo or metformin, 500 mg three times daily, for 7 weeks. Information on reproductive steroids, gonadotropins, and oral glucose tolerance testing was obtained at baseline and after treatment. Metformin or placebo was continued and CC treatment was begun at 50 mg daily for 5 days. Serum P level > or =4 ng/mL was considered to indicate ovulation. With ovulation, the daily CC dose was not changed, but with anovulation it was increased by 50 mg for the next cycle. Patients completed the study when they had had six ovulatory cycles, became pregnant, or experienced anovulation while receiving 150 mg of CC. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Ovulation and pregnancy rates. RESULT(S): In the metformin and placebo groups, 9 of 12 participants (75%) and 4 of 15 participants (27%) ovulated, and 6 of 11 participants (55%) and 1 of 14 participants (7%) conceived, respectively. Comparisons between the groups were significant. CONCLUSION(S): In anovulatory women with PCOS who are resistant to CC, metformin use significantly increased the ovulation rate and pregnancy rate from CC treatment.
InfertilityClomiphene CitrateAge-Related OutcomesMaternal Age
To evaluate the influence of female age on clomiphene citrate (CC) with IUI therapy and to compare the efficacy of this therapy between patients with ovulatory and anovulatory infertility. A university fertility clinic. Six hundred sixty-four CC with IUI cycles from 290 women aged 22 to 48 years. Cumulative and clinical pregnancy rates (PRs). Both cumulative and clinical PRs declined substantially in women > 35 years when compared with those < or = 35 years. In addition, no difference in these parameters was noted between patients with ovulatory and anovulatory infertility diagnoses. The vast majority of pregnancies occurred within the first four treatment cycles, irrespective of age or ovulatory versus anovulatory infertility diagnoses. The age-related decline in clinical PR is most rapid beginning at the age of 35 years. For any given age group, CC with IUI therapy has similar cumulative and clinical PRs for both ovulatory and anovulatory infertility diagnoses. This therapy usually should not extend beyond four cycles. Couples should be counseled about the dramatic fall in PRs occurring beyond the age of 35 years.