19 papers

Osamu Ishihara

Professor, Clinical Medicine Laboratory, Kagawa Nutrition University

Registries and Reporting · National Registry Data

International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ICMART): world report for cycles conducted in 2017-2018

Baker VL et al., 2025 Human Reproduction

What were the rates of utilization, effectiveness, and safety for assisted reproductive technology (ART) throughout the world in 2017 and 2018, and what trends were observed? The total reported number of ART fresh and frozen cycles conducted in 83 participating countries was 2 913 498 in 2017 and 3 303 505 in 2018, with 5-year trends including an increasing proportion of cycles utilizing frozen embryo transfer (FET) and an increasing number of cycles utilizing pre-implantation genetic testing (PGT). Prior reports from the International Committee Monitoring ART (ICMART) have reported on the utilization, effectiveness, and safety of ART from participating countries, with an increase in the number of cycles and number of participating countries over time. These reports have described regional differences in the utilization of ART overall, as well as differences in the utilization of specific practices such as ICSI, PGT and single embryo transfer. Past reports demonstrated that rates of delivery per cycle have increased and rates of multiple gestations have decreased over time. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, This retrospective, cross-sectional survey describes ART procedures performed globally in 2017 and 2018. Data were submitted to ICMART by participating countries from national or regional registries. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, There were 83 countries which provided data for cycles performed in 2017 or 2018, with the majority of countries providing data for both years. Aggregate data are reported for each participating country and analysed using methods developed by ICMART to calculate measures of utilization, effectiveness, and safety. MAIN A total of 2 913 498 cycles and 671 012 babies born were reported for treatment performed in 2017, increasing to 3 303 505 cycles and 728 383 babies born for treatment performed in 2018. After imputing data for non-reporting centres in reporting countries, the estimated number of cycles performed in 2017 was 3 107 188 resulting in an estimated 814 588 babies. For 2018, the estimated number of cycles was 3 568 635 resulting in an estimated 870 814 babies. Utilization of ICSI for autologous fresh non-PGT cycles declined slightly compared with 2014 (54.6% in 2017 and 57.3% in 2018 compared with 64.8% in 2014). The percentage of transfers which were of frozen embryos was 55.7 % in 2017 and 57.9% in 2018, up from 38.9% in 2014. Among all countries, including those which reported no 'freeze all' cycles, the percentage of 'freeze all' cycles was 30.5% in 2017 and 32.7% in 2018, up from 13.1% in 2014. In countries reporting at least one retrieval cycle in which all embryos were frozen, the percentage of retrievals with no fresh embryo transfer increased (36.2% in 2017 and 36.8% in 2018, up from 20.1% in 2014). The number of PGT cycles in 2018 (172 247) was nearly 5-fold higher than the number reported in 2014 (36 512) with wide regional variation in utilization of PGT observed. In 2017, the delivery rate for autologous oocytes was 23.5% per oocyte retrieval, with a cumulative delivery rate of 36.4% per retrieval (excluding cycles which utilized PGT). The delivery rates per embryo transfer were 31.8% per autologous fresh transfer, 32.5% per autologous frozen transfer, and 47.3% per transfer after PGT. The delivery rate for transfers utilizing donor oocytes was 33.1% (combined fresh transfer and frozen transfers). In 2018, the delivery rate for autologous oocytes was 23.8% per oocyte retrieval, with a cumulative delivery rate of 37.3% per retrieval (excluding cycles which utilized PGT). The delivery rates per embryo transfer were 31.3% per autologous fresh transfer, 31.9% per autologous frozen transfer, and 48.4% per transfer after PGT. The delivery rate for transfers utilizing donor oocytes was 34.3%. The multiple delivery rate with autologous fresh transfer was 19.7% in 2017, and 18.3% in 2018. For autologous FET, the multiple delivery rate was 16.2% in 2017, and 14.9% in 2018. With oocyte donation (combined fresh and frozen embryo transfers), the multiple delivery rate was 15.9% in 2017, and 13.4% in 2018. Finally, the multiple delivery rate for cycles utilizing PGT was 6.9% in 2017 and 5.5% in 2018. LIMITATIONS, The data and analysis presented are dependent on the quality and completeness of the data submitted to ICMART, which varies globally. There is little data from the Middle East and some countries in Asia. It is important to note that delivery rates per transfer after PGT required the availability of embryos suitable for transfer, and therefore should not be interpreted as suggesting that PGT increases the overall success of ART per oocyte retrieval. Because of an updated methodology in the calculation of delivery rates and number of babies born, direct comparisons with past reports for these metrics cannot be made. Data are observational and it

Registries and Reporting · National Registry Data

International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technologies world report: assisted reproductive technology, 2019

Dyer S et al., 2025 Fertility and Sterility

ICMART world report on global assisted reproductive technology activity in 2019. Reports utilization, effectiveness, and safety data submitted from national and regional registries worldwide. Pre-pandemic activity baseline. Authors: Dyer S, Chambers GM, Jwa SC, Baker VL, Banker M, de Mouzon J, Elgindy E, Fu B, Ishihara O, Kupka M, Zegers-Hochschild F, Adamson GD.

Registries and Reporting · National Registry Data

International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technology world report: assisted reproductive technology, 2015 and 2016

Kupka MS et al., 2024 Fertility and Sterility Open Access

To report utilization, effectiveness, and safety of assisted reproductive technologies in 2015 and 2016. A retrospective, cross-sectional survey of 3,103 assisted reproductive technology clinics in 74 countries in 2015 and 3,249 clinics in 79 countries in 2016 that submitted cycle and pregnancy outcome data through national and regional registries. Seventy-nine countries and >3,000 assisted reproductive technology clinics. PATIENT(S): Patients undergoing assisted reproductive technology procedures. INTERVENTION(S): Assisted reproductive technology. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Outcomes on country, regional, and global levels. RESULT(S): Reported for 2015: 2,358,239 cycles with 548,652 infants born; for 2016: 2,807,963 cycles with 647,188 infants born. Estimated in 2015, ≥2,683,677 cycles resulted in >675,134 infants; in 2016, ≥3,100,448 cycles resulted in ≥723,026 infants. Reported cycles represent approximately 80% of global utilization. In 2015 and 2016, 27.6% and 27.8%, respectively, of women undergoing fresh autologous treatment cycles were aged ≥40 years. Frozen-thawed embryo transfer (ET) cycles accounted for 47.0% and 51.9%, respectively, of all ETs in 2015 and 2016. Oocyte donation cycles accounted for 6.7% and 7.1% of all ETs in 2015 and 2016. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection was performed in 57.7% and 56.4% of autologous aspiration cycles in 2015 and 2016, respectively. The cumulative delivery rate per aspiration cycle for fresh and frozen-thawed ET was 32.4% in 2015 and 33.1% in 2016, respectively. The average number of transferred embryos was 1.70 in 2015 and 1.69 in 2016. The proportion of single ETs in fresh autologous cycles increased from 42.1% in 2015 to 44.0% in 2016. The twin delivery rate decreased from 16.0% in 2015 to 14.7% in 2016, and the triplet rate decreased from 0.6% in 2015 to 0.4% in 2016. The proportion of single ETs in frozen-thawed ET autologous treatment cycles was 62.2% in 2015 and 64.2% in 2016, with twin and triplet rates of 10.1% and 0.3% in 2015 and 10.0% and 0.2% in 2016, respectively. CONCLUSION(S): Utilization of assisted reproductive technology treatment and births per cycle increased from 2015 to 2016, although multiple births were reduced. An increasing proportion of frozen-thawed ET cycles, continuing wide variation in use of intracytoplasmic sperm injection, and an increase in single ET rates are reported.

Registries and Reporting · Cross-Registry Comparison

International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technologies world report: assisted reproductive technology, 2014

Chambers GM et al., 2021 Human Reproduction

What were the utilization, effectiveness and safety of practices in assisted reproductive technologies (ART) globally in 2014 and what global trends could be observed? The estimated total number of ART cycles conducted in 76 participating countries in 2014 was 1.93 million representing ∼66% of global activity, with 5-year trends including an increase in success rates and proportion of frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles, improvement in cumulative live birth rates per aspiration, a continued increase in single embryo transfer (SET) and thus a reduction in multiple birth rates, an increase in preimplantation genetic testing and stabilization in the use of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). ART is widely practiced throughout the world but continues to be characterized by significant disparities in utilization, practice, effectiveness and safety. The International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ICMART) annual world report series provides an important instrument for tracking trends in ART treatment and for providing clinical and public health data to ART professionals, health authorities, patients and the general public. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, A retrospective, cross-sectional survey on ART procedures performed globally during 2014 was carried out. A new method for calculating ART utilization rates and number of babies born was introduced in this latest ICMART world report. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, Overall, 76 countries and 2 746 ART centres submitted data through national and regional ART registries on ART cycles performed during 2014 and their treatment and pregnancy outcomes. ART cycles and outcomes are described at a country level, regionally and globally. Aggregate country data are processed and analyzed based on methods developed by ICMART. MAIN A total of 1 629 179 ART cycles were reported for the treatment year 2014. After imputing data for missing values and non-reporting centres in reporting countries, an estimated 1 929 905 cycles resulted in >439 039 babies in reporting countries. From 2010 to 2014, the number of reported non-donor aspirations and FET cycles increased by 37.3% and 67.5%, respectively. The proportion of women aged ≥40 years undergoing non-donor ART increased from 23.2% in 2010 to 27.0% in 2014. ICSI, as a percentage of non-donor aspiration cycles, remained relatively stable at 64.8%. The IVF/ICSI combined delivery rates per fresh aspiration and FET cycle were 19.9% and 24.3%, respectively. In fresh non-donor cycles, SET increased from 30.0% in 2010 to 40.0% in 2014, while the average number of transferred embryos decreased from 1.95 to 1.73-but with wide country variation. The rate of twin deliveries following fresh non-donor transfers continued to decrease, from 20.4% in 2010 to 16.2% in 2014, and the triplet rate decreased from 1.1% to 0.5%. In FET non-donor cycles in 2014, the SET rate was 61.6%, with an average of 1.43 embryos transferred, resulting in twin and triplet rates of 10.1% and 0.2%, respectively. The cumulative delivery rate per aspiration increased from 27.1% in 2010 to 32.1% in 2014. The overall perinatal mortality rate per 1 000 births was 19.4 following fresh IVF/ICSI cycles and 9.5 following FET cycles. Among reporting countries, oocyte donation cycles represented 7.3% of all embryo transfers (89 751 transfer cycles) and resulted in 39 278 babies. LIMITATIONS, The data presented are dependent on the quality and completeness of data submitted by individual countries to ICMART directly or through regional registries. This report covers approximately two-thirds of world ART activity. China is a major contributor of global cycles missing from this report. Continued efforts to improve the quality and consistency of ART data reported by registries are still needed, including the use of internationally agreed standard definitions (The International Glossary of Infertility and Fertility Care). A new method was introduced in this report to calculate ART utilization and number of babies born following ART; therefore, these results are not directly comparable with previous reports. The ICMART world reports provide the most comprehensive global statistical census and review of ART utilization, effectiveness, safety and quality. While ART treatment effectiveness and safety continue to increase globally, the wide disparities in access to treatment, procedures performed and embryo transfer practices warrant attention by clinicians and policymakers. The new method for estimating ART utilization and number of babies born provided more conservative estimates compared to the previuos method. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S): ICMART receives unrestricted grants from Abbott and Ferring Pharmaceuticals. ICMART also acknowledges financial support from the following organization

Registries and Reporting · Cross-Registry Comparison

International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ICMART): world report on assisted reproductive technologies, 2013

Banker M et al., 2021 Fertility and Sterility

To report the utilization, effectiveness, and safety of practices in assisted reproductive technology (ART) globally in 2013 and assess global trends over time. Retrospective, cross-sectional survey on the utilization, effectiveness, and safety of ART procedures performed globally during 2013. Seventy-five countries and 2,639 ART clinics. PATIENT(S): Women and men undergoing ART procedures. INTERVENTION(S): All ART. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The ART cycles and outcomes on country-by-country, regional, and global levels. Aggregate country data were processed and analyzed based on methods developed by the International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technology (ICMART). RESULT(S): A total of 1,858,500 ART cycles were conducted for the treatment year 2013 across 2,639 clinics in 75 participating countries with a global participation rate of 73.6%. Reported and estimated data suggest 1,160,474 embryo transfers (ETs) were performed resulting in >344,317 babies. From 2012 to 2013, the number of reported aspiration and frozen ET cycles increased by 3% and 16.4%, respectively. The proportion of women aged >40 years undergoing nondonor ART increased from 25.2% in 2012 to 26.3% in 2013. As a percentage of nondonor aspiration cycles, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was similar to results for 2012. The in vitro fertilization (IVF)/ICSI combined delivery rates per fresh aspiration and frozen ET cycles were 24.2% and 22.8%, respectively. In fresh nondonor cycles, single ET increased from 33.7% in 2012 to 36.5% in 2013, whereas the average number of transferred embryos was 1.81-again with wide country variation. The rate of twin deliveries after fresh nondonor transfers was 17.9%; the triplet rate was 0.7%. In frozen ET cycles performed in 2013, single ET was used in 57.6%, with an average of 1.49 embryos transferred and twin and triplet rates of 10.8% and 0.4%, respectively. The cumulative delivery rate per aspiration was 30.4%, similar to that in 2012. Perinatal mortality rate per 1,000 births was 22.2% after fresh IVF/ICSI and 16.8% after frozen ET. The data presented depended on the quality and completeness of the data submitted by individual countries. This report covers approximately two-thirds of world ART activity. Continued efforts to improve the quality and consistency of reporting ART data by registries are still needed. CONCLUSION(S): Reported ART cycles, effectiveness, and safety increased between 2012 and 2013 with adoption of a better method for estimating unreported cycles.

Registries and Reporting · Cross-Registry Comparison

International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technology: world report on assisted reproductive technology, 2011

Adamson GD et al., 2018 Fertility and sterility

10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.06.039. International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technology: world report on assisted reproductive technology, 2011. Adamson GD(1), de Mouzon J(2), Chambers GM(3), Zegers-Hochschild F(4), Mansour R(5), Ishihara O(6), Banker M(7), Dyer S(8). (1)International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technologies, Cupertino, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, and University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, California. Electronic address: gdadamson@arcfertility.com. (2)Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique II et de Médecine de la Reproduction, Groupe Hospitalier Cochin-Saint Vincet de Paul, Paris, France. (3)National Perinatal Epidemiology and Statistics Unit, Centre for Big Data Research in Health, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. (4)Clinica las Condes and Program of Ethics and Public Policies in Human Reproduction, University Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile. (5)Egyptian IVF-ET Center, Cairo, Egypt. (6)Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama, Japan. (7)Nova IVI Fertility, Ahmedabad Gujarat, India. (8)Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology Groote Schuur Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. Comment in Fertil Steril. 2018 Nov;110(6):1032-1033. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.07.011. To report the utilization, effectiveness, and safety of practices in assisted reproductive technology (ART) globally in 2011 and assess global trends over time. Retrospective, cross-sectional survey on the utilization, effectiveness, and safety of ART procedures performed globally during 2011. Sixty-five countries and 2,560 ART clinics. PATIENT(S): Women and men undergoing ART procedures. INTERVENTION(S): All ART. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The ART cycles and outcomes on country-by-country, regional, and global levels. Aggregate country data were processed and analyzed based on methods developed by the International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technology (ICMART). RESULT(S): A total of 1,115,272 ART cycles were reported for the treatment year 2011. Imputing data for nonreporting clinics, 1,643,912 cycles resulted in >394,662 babies, excluding People's Republic of China. The best estimate of global utilization including People's Republic of China is approximately 2.0 million cycles and 0.5 million babies. From 2010 to 2011, the number of reported aspiration and frozen ET cycles increased 13.1% and 13.8%, respectively. The proportion of women aged ≥40 years undergoing nondonor ART increased from 23.2% in 2010 to 24.0% in 2011. As a percentage of nondonor aspiration cycles, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) decreased slightly from 67.4% in 2010 to 66.5% in 2011. The IVF/ICSI combined delivery rates per fresh aspiration and frozen ET cycles were 19.8% and 21.4%, respectively. In fresh nondonor cycles, single ET increased from 30.0% in 2010 to 31.4% in 2011, whereas the average number of transferred embryos decreased from 1.95 in 2010 to 1.91 in 2011-again with wide country variation. The rates of twin deliveries after fresh nondonor transfers decreased from 20.4% in 2010 to 19.6% in 2011; the triplet rate decreased from 1.1%-0.9%. In frozen ET cycles performed in 2011, single ET was 51.6%, with an average of 1.59 embryos transferred and twin and triplet rates were 11.1% and 0.4%, respectively. The cumulative delivery rate per aspiration increased from 27.1% in 2010 to 28.0% in 2011. Fresh IVF/ICSI carried a perinatal mortality rate per 1,000 births of 21.0 in 2010 and 16.3 in 2011. This compared with a perinatal mortality rate after frozen ET of 14.6 per 1,000 births in 2010 and 8.6 in 2011. The data presented depend on the quality and completeness of data submitted by individual countries. This report covers approximately two-thirds of'world ART activity. CONCLUSION(S): Global ART utilization, effectiveness, and safety increased between 2010 and 2011. Copyright © 2018 American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Registries and Reporting · National Registry Data

Assisted reproductive technology in Japan: a summary report of 1992-2014 by the Ethics Committee, Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology

Irahara M et al., 2017 Reprod Med Biol Open Access

Multi-decade summary report covering assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycles performed in Japan from 1992 through 2014, published by the Ethics Committee of the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (JSOG). Provides longitudinal trends in cycle volume, treatment-type stratification, and outcomes from JSOG-registered ART facilities.

Registries and Reporting · Cross-Registry Comparison

International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technologies world report: Assisted Reproductive Technology 2008, 2009 and 2010

Dyer S et al., 2016 Human reproduction (Oxford, England)

20. International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technologies world report: Assisted Reproductive Technology 2008, 2009 and 2010. Dyer S(1), Chambers GM(2), de Mouzon J(3), Nygren KG(4), Zegers-Hochschild F(5), Mansour R(6), Ishihara O(7), Banker M(8), Adamson GD(9). (1)Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Groote Schuur Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa silke.dyer@uct.ac.za. (2)National Perinatal Epidemiology and Statistics Unit, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. (3)Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique II et de Médecine de la Reproduction, Groupe Hospitalier Cochin-Saint Vincet de Paul, Paris, France. (4)Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. (5)Clinica las Condes and Program of Ethics and Public Policies in Human Reproduction, University Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile. (6)Egyptian IVF-ET Center, Cairo, Egypt. (7)Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama, Japan. (8)Nova IVI Fertility, Chennai, India. (9)Palo Alto Medical Foundation Fertility Physicians of North California, San Jose, CA, USA. Comment in Hum Reprod. 2016 Jul;31(7):1381-2. doi: 10.1093/humrep/dew092. What were utilization, outcomes and practices in assisted reproductive technology (ART) globally in 2008, 2009 and 2010? Global utilization and effectiveness remained relatively constant despite marked variations among countries, while the rate of single and frozen embryo transfers (FETs) increased with a concomitant slight reduction in multiple birth rates. ART is widely practised in all regions of the world. Monitoring utilization, an approximation of availability and access, as well as effectiveness and safety is an important component of universal access to reproductive health. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, This is a retrospective, cross-sectional survey on utilization, effectiveness and safety of ART procedures performed globally from 2008 to 2010. PARTICIPANTS, SETTING, Between 58 and 61 countries submitted data from a total of nearly 2500 ART clinics each year. Aggregate country data were processed and analyzed based on forms and methods developed by the International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ICMART). Results are presented at country, regional and global level. MAIN For the years 2008, 2009 and 2010, >4 461 309 ART cycles were initiated, resulting in an estimated 1 144 858 babies born. The number of aspirations increased by 6.4% between 2008 and 2010, while FET cycles increased by 27.6%. Globally, ART utilization remained relatively constant at 436 cycles/million in 2008 and 474 cycles/million population in 2010, but with a wide country range of 8-4775 cycles/million population. ICSI remained constant at around 66% of non-donor aspiration cycles. The IVF/ICSI combined delivery rate (DR) per fresh aspiration was 19.8% in 2008; 19.7% in 2009 and 20.0% in 2010, with corresponding DRs for FET of 18.8, 19.7 and 20.7%. In fresh non-donor cycles, single embryo transfer increased from 25.7% in 2008 to 30.0% in 2010, while the average number of embryos transferred fell from 2.1 to 1.9, again with wide regional variation. The rates of twin deliveries following fresh non-donor transfers were, in 2008, 2009 and 2010, 21.8, 20.5 and 20.4%, respectively, with a corresponding triplet rate of 1.3, 1.0 and 1.1%. Fresh IVF and ICSI carried a perinatal mortality rate per 1000 births of 22.8 (2008), 19.2 (2009) and 21.0 (2010), compared with 15.1, 12.8 and 14.6/1000 births following FET in the same periods of observation. The proportion of women aged 40 years or older undergoing non-donor ART increased from 20.8 to 23.2% from 2008 to 2010. LIMITATIONS, The data presented are reliant on the quality and completeness of data submitted by individual countries. This report covers approximately two-thirds of the world ART activity. The ICMART World Reports provide the most comprehensive global statistical census and review of ART utilization, effectiveness, safety and quality. While ART treatment continues to increase globally, the wide disparities in access to treatment and embryo transfer practices warrant attention by clinicians and policy makers. The authors declare no conflict of interest and no specific support from any organizations in relation to this manuscript. ICMART acknowledges financial support from the following organizations: American Society for Reproductive Medicine; European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology; Fertility Society of Australia; Japan Society for Reproductive Medicine; Japan Society of Fertilization and Implantation; Red Latinoamericana de Reproduccion Asistida; Society for Assisted Re

Registries and Reporting · Cross-Registry Comparison

International committee for monitoring assisted reproductive technologies: world report on assisted reproductive technologies, 2007

Ishihara O et al., 2015 Fertility and sterility

10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.11.004. Epub 2014 Dec 13. International committee for monitoring assisted reproductive technologies: world report on assisted reproductive technologies, 2007. Ishihara O(1), Adamson GD(2), Dyer S(3), de Mouzon J(4), Nygren KG(5), Sullivan EA(6), Zegers-Hochschild F(7), Mansour R(8). (1)Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama, Japan. Electronic address: osamishr@saitama-med.ac.jp. (2)Palo Alto Medical Foundation Fertility Physicians of North California, San Jose, California. (3)Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Groote Schuur Hopsital and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. (4)National Institute for Health and Medical Research, Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine Unit, Cochin-Saint Vincent de Paul University Hospital, Paris, France. (5)Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. (6)Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. (7)Clinica las Condes and Program of Ethics and Public Policies in Human Reproduction, University Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile. (8)Egyptian In Vitro Fertilization-Embryo Transfer Center, Cairo, Egypt. To analyze information on assisted reproductive technology (ART) performed worldwide, and trends in outcomes over successive years. Cross-sectional survey on access, efficiency, and safety of ART procedures performed in 55 countries during 2007. Not applicable. PATIENT(S): Infertile women and men undergoing ART globally. INTERVENTION(S): Collection and analysis of international ART data. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Number of cycles performed, by country and region, including pregnancies, single and multiple birth rates, and perinatal mortality. RESULT(S): Overall, >1,251,881 procedures with ART were reported, and resulted in 229,442 reported babies born. The availability of ART varied by country, from 12 to 4,140 treatments per million population. Of all aspiration cycles, 65.2% (400,617 of 614,540) were intracytoplasmic sperm injection. The overall delivery rate per fresh aspiration was 20.3%, and for frozen-embryo transfer (FET), 18.4%, with a cumulative delivery rate of 25.8%. With wide regional variations, single-embryo transfer represented 23.4% of fresh transfers, and the proportion of deliveries with twins and triplets from fresh transfers was 22.3% and 1.2%, respectively. The perinatal mortality rate was 19.9 per 1,000 births for fresh in vitro fertilization using intracytoplasmic sperm injection, and 9.6 per 1,000 for FET. The proportion of women aged ≥40 years increased to 19.8% from 15.5% in 2006. CONCLUSION(S): The international trend toward <3 transferred embryos continued, as did the wider uptake of FET. This was achieved without compromising delivery rates. The application of ART for women aged >40 years was a major component of ART services in some regions and countries. Copyright © 2015 American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Access and Coverage · Insurance Coverage

The impact of consumer affordability on access to assisted reproductive technologies and embryo transfer practices: an international analysis

Chambers GM et al., 2014 Fertil Steril

Comment in Fertil Steril. 2014 Jan;101(1):47-8. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.09.043. To systematically quantify the impact of consumer cost on assisted reproduction technology (ART) utilization and numbers of embryos transferred. Ordinary least squared (OLS) regression models were constructed to measure the independent impact of ART affordability-measured as consumer cost relative to average disposable income-on ART utilization and embryo transfer practices. Not applicable. PATIENT(S): Women undergoing ART treatment. INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): OLS regression coefficient for ART affordability, which estimates the independent effect of consumer cost relative to income on utilization and number of embryos transferred. RESULT(S): ART affordability was independently and positively associated with ART utilization with a mean OLS coefficient of 0.032. This indicates that, on average, a decrease in the cost of a cycle of 1 percentage point of disposable income predicts a 3.2% increase in utilization. ART affordability was independently and negatively associated with the number of embryos transferred, indicating that a decrease in the cost of a cycle of 10 percentage points of disposable income predicts a 5.1% increase in single-embryo transfer cycles. CONCLUSION(S): The relative cost that consumers pay for ART treatment predicts the level of access and number of embryos transferred. Policies that affect ART funding should be informed by these findings to ensure equitable access to treatment and clinically responsible embryo transfer practices.

Registries and Reporting · Cross-Registry Comparison

International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technology: world report on assisted reproductive technology, 2005

Zegers-Hochschild F et al., 2014 Fertility and sterility

Epub 2013 Nov 1. International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technology: world report on assisted reproductive technology, 2005. Zegers-Hochschild F(1), Mansour R(2), Ishihara O(3), Adamson GD(4), de Mouzon J(5), Nygren KG(6), Sullivan EA(7). (1)Clinica las Condes and Program of Ethics and Public Policies In Human Reproduction, University Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile. Electronic address: fzegers@clc.cl. (2)Egyptian IVF-ET Center, Cairo, Egypt. (3)Saitama Medical University Hospital, Moroyama, Japan. (4)Palo Alto Medical Foundation Fertility Physicians of Northern California, Palo Alto and San Jose, California. (5)IVF Unit, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique II et de Médecine de la Reproduction, Groupe Hospitalier Cochin-Saint Vincet de Paul, Paris, France. (6)Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. (7)National Perinatal Epidemiology and Statistics Unit, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. To analyze information on assisted reproductive technology (ART) performed worldwide and trends in outcomes over successive years. Cross-sectional survey on access, effectiveness, and safety of ART procedures performed in 53 countries during 2005. A total of 2,973 clinics from national and regional ART registries. PATIENT(S): Infertile women and men undergoing ART globally. INTERVENTION(S): Collection and analysis of international ART data. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Number of cycles performed by country and region, including pregnancies, single and multiple birth rates, and perinatal mortality. RESULT(S): Overall, 1,052,363 ART procedures resulted in an estimated 237,315 babies born. The availability of ART varied by country from 15 to 3,982 cycles per million of population. Of all initiated fresh cycles, 62.9% were intracytoplasmic sperm injection. The overall delivery rate per fresh aspiration was 19.6% and for frozen embryo transfer 17.4%, with a cumulative delivery rate of 23.9%. With wide regional variations, single embryo transfer represented 17.5% of cycles, and the proportion of deliveries with twins and triplets from fresh transfers was 23.6% and 1.5%, respectively. CONCLUSION(S): Systematic collection and dissemination of international ART data allows patients, health professionals, and policy makers to examine and compare the impact of reproductive strategies or lack of them as markers of reproductive health. Copyright © 2014 American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Registries and Reporting · Cross-Registry Comparison

International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ICMART) world report: assisted reproductive technology 2004

Sullivan EA et al., 2013 Human reproduction (Oxford, England)

(ICMART) world report: assisted reproductive technology 2004. Sullivan EA(1), Zegers-Hochschild F, Mansour R, Ishihara O, de Mouzon J, Nygren KG, Adamson GD. Author information: (1)National Perinatal Statistics and Epidemiology Unit, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick Hospitals Campus, McNevin Dickson Building Room Level 2, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia. e.sullivan@unsw.edu.au Have changes in assisted reproductive technology (ART) practice and outcomes occurred globally between 2003 and 2004? Globally, ART practice has changed with an increasing prevalence of the use of ICSI rather than conventional IVF. In 2004, a small but increasing number of countries are incorporating single embryo transfer. There remain unacceptably high rates of three or more embryo transfers in select countries resulting in multiple births and adverse perinatal outcomes. World data on the availability, effectiveness and safety of ART have been published since 1989. The number of embryos transferred is a major determinant of the iatrogenic increase in multiple pregnancies and is highly correlated with the likelihood of multiple birth and excess perinatal morbidity and mortality. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, Cross-sectional survey of countries and regions undertaking surveillance of ART procedures started in 2004 and their corresponding outcomes. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, Of total, 2184 clinics from 52 reporting countries and regions. Number of ART clinics, types of cycles and procedures, pregnancy, delivery and multiple birth rates and perinatal outcomes. MAIN A total of 954 743 initiated cycles resulted in an estimated 237 809 babies born. This was a 2.3% increase in the number of reported cycles from 2003. The availability of ART varied by country and ranged from 14 to 3844 treatment cycles per million population. Over one-third (37.2%) of ART clinics performed <100 cycles per year with only 19.9% performing ≥ 500 cycles per year. Of all cycles, 60.6% were ICSI. Frozen embryo transfers (FETs) represented 31% of the initiated cycles. The overall delivery rate per fresh aspiration for IVF and ICSI was 20.2% compared with 16.6% per FET. The average number of embryos transferred was 2.35. Single (16.3%) and double embryo transfers accounted for 73.2% of cycles. The overall proportion of deliveries with twins and triplets from IVF and ICSI was 25.1 and 1.8%, respectively, but varied widely by country and region. The proportion of premature deliveries per fresh aspiration for IVF and ICSI was 33.7% compared with 26.3% per FET. The perinatal death rate was 25.8 per 1000 births for fresh aspiration for IVF and ICSI compared with 14.2 per 1000 births per FET. LIMITATIONS, Data are incomplete with seven countries not providing data to the International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ICMART) in 2004 that had in 2003. The validity of data reflects current data collection practice. In 2004, 79.3% of the clinics in participating countries reported to their national or regional registries and to ICMART. In addition, the number of ART cycles per million population is a measure which is affected by a country's government policy, regulation, funding and the number of service providers. ART practice, effectiveness and outcomes vary markedly internationally. Notably, the increasing proportion of cycles that are FET, the change in practice to single embryo transfer and the cessation of the transfer of three or more embryos in some countries has resulted in improved perinatal outcomes with minimal impact on pregnancy rates. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S): ICMART receives financial support from ASRM, ESHRE, FSA, Japan Society for Reproductive Medicine, REDLARA, MEFS and SART. 10.1093/humrep/det036 23442757 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Registries and Reporting · National Registry Data

International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technology (ICMART) world report: assisted reproductive technology 2003

Nygren KG et al., 2011 Fertility and sterility

10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.03.058. Epub 2011 May 4. International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technology (ICMART) world report: assisted reproductive technology 2003. Nygren KG(1), Sullivan E, Zegers-Hochschild F, Mansour R, Ishihara O, Adamson GD, de Mouzon J. (1)IVF Unit, Queen Sophia Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. To analyze information on assisted reproductive technologies (ART) performed globally. Data on access, efficacy, and safety of ART were collected for the year 2003 from 54 countries. National and regional ART registries globally. PATIENT(S): Patients undergoing ART globally. INTERVENTION(S): Collection and analysis of international ART registry data. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Number of cycles performed in reporting countries and regions globally for different ART procedures with resulting pregnancy, live birth and multiple birth rates. RESULT(S): A total of 433,427 initiated cycles reported in this registry resulted in 173,424 babies born. This corresponded to a delivery rate per aspiration of 22.4% for in vitro fertilization (IVF), 23.3% for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and a delivery rate per transfer of 17.1% for frozen embryo transfer. Although there is wide variation among countries and regions, the overall proportion of deliveries with twins and triplets from IVF and ICSI was 24.8% and 2.0%, respectively. There were wide variations in access, and compared with the previous report (year 2002), there was a 3.9% increase in the number of reported cycles and a minor increase in the delivery rate per aspiration. There was also a marginal decline in the mean number of embryos transferred and in the rate of multiple births. CONCLUSION(S): ART access, efficacy, and safety varies greatly globally. Collection and analysis of data over time will benefit ART patients, providers, and policy makers. Copyright © 2011 American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Registries and Reporting · Cross-Registry Comparison

World collaborative report on Assisted Reproductive Technology, 2002

International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technology et al., 2009 Human reproduction (Oxford, England)

International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technology(1); de Mouzon J, Lancaster P, Nygren KG, Sullivan E, Zegers-Hochschild F, Mansour R, Ishihara O, Adamson D. Author information: (1)INSERM U569, Hôpital de Bicêtre, 82 rue du Général Leclerc, 94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre Cedex, Paris, France. Erratum in Hum Reprod. 2010 May;25(5):1345. The International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technology's (ICMART) Eighth World Report analyzes assisted reproductive technology (ART) practice and results for the year 2002 from 53 countries by type of ART, women's age, number of embryos transferred and multiple births. Over 601,243 initiated cycles resulted in a delivery rate (DR) per aspiration of 22.4% for conventional IVF, 21.2% for ICSI and a DR per transfer of 15.3% for frozen embryo transfer. For conventional IVF and ICSI, there was an overall twin rate of 25.7% per delivery and a triplet rate of 2.5%. The number of babies born worldwide through ART in 2002 was estimated to range between 219,000 and 246,000. There were wide variations in availability, DRs and multiple birth rates across the countries. Compared with the previous report (year 2000), there was a large increase in the number of cycles and a slight increase in the DR. There was a marginal decline in the mean number of embryos transferred and in the multiple DRs. 10.1093/humrep/dep098 19474459 [Indexed for MEDLINE]