Menstrual Cycle

This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the relationship between menstrual cycle phases and the incidence of muscle injuries in female team sport athletes, following PRISMA 2020 and PERSiST ...

The duration of endometrial edema has been positively correlated with uterine receptivity and likelihood of pregnancy. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate whether there is a relationship between t...

Background: Self-reported dietary intake varies across menstrual cycle phases, but objective assessments of dietary intake together with appetite and resting metabolic rate (RMR) are limited. This stu...

Disclosure: A.V. Baaske: None. S. Shirin: None. C. Bos: None. D. Kalidasan: None. J.C. Prior: None. Background: Tanner Breast Stage 3 (TB3, at menarche) and Tanner 5 (TB5, once ovulatory cycles establ...

Disclosure: M. Wood: None. J.C. Prior: None. S. Shirin: None. A. Goshtasebi: None. Breast tenderness and swelling are associated with premenstrual symptoms but have not been well described in healthy,...

Self-Worth is an over-arching evaluation of a person's sense of individual value. Self-worth, however, is an underappreciated concept. It has rarely been reported related to physiological data; we fou...

Background Reproductive hormones of the fertile window are often referenced to women in regular cycles, but this may not be representative of the hormonal profiles of women in different circumstances ...

Background: Ovarian hormones affect cardiovascular health yet few sufficient-sized studies with reliable ovulatory documentation have assessed the QTc-hormonal relationship. This study investigated QT...

Breast tenderness and swelling are associated with premenstrual symptoms but are not well described in healthy women. In this 1-year prospective observational study, we examined daily breast tendernes...

STUDY Question: Are dietary patterns associated with age at menarche after accounting for BMI-for-age (BMIz) and height? SUMMARY ANSWER: We observed associations between both the Alternative Healthy ...

Objective: There is considerable individual day-to-day variation within the menstrual cycle and between cycles in women. Average hormone curves inadequately describe the individual hormone patterns ex...

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of open-label placebos (OLP) in premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Design: Randomised controlled trial. Setting: Switzerland, 2018-2020. Participants: 150 ...

Self-reported dietary intake varies across menstrual cycle phases, but objective assessments of dietary intake together with appetite and resting metabolic rate (RMR) are limited. This study aimed to ...

INTRODUCTION: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in girls and women is under-recognised and under-researched, despite increasing awareness of clinical challenges and unmet needs. This rev...

INTRODUCTION: Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia significantly influence female hormone regulation and reproductive health. Despite increasing research, the complex pathways by which nutritional...

Study Question: What is the relative length variance of the luteal phase compared to the follicular phase within healthy, non-smoking, normal-weight, proven normally ovulatory, premenopausal women wit...

Introduction: Hormones produced by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-gonadal (HPAG) axis are crucial for modulating central nervous system (CNS) function and development throughout a person's life. D...

Background: The menstrual cycle is a critical indicator of women's health. Early prolonged secondary amenorrhea increases risks for morbidity and mortality. Menstrual cycle research in women with HIV ...

Purpose: It is asserted that primary dysmenorrhea/menstrual cramps only occur in ovulatory menstrual cycles. Our first objective was to present detailed menstrual cramps information in normally ovulat...

Objective: To study whether the menstrual cycle has a circaseptan (7 days) rhythm and whether it is associated with the lunar cycle (also defined as the synodic month, it is the cycle of the phases of...

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) affects many people and is often distressing. Much medical literature about diagnosis and treatment exists, but little is known about PCOS menstrual cycle-related expe...

Women are considered to have an irregular menstrual cycle if their cycle length is less than 21 days or more than 35 days, accompanied by less or very severe blood flow. The prevalence of menstrual cy...

A recent Perspective article asserted that progesterone secretion during ovulatory cycles is the cause of breast cancer. However, we challenge most of the evidence developed in this publication. First...

Background: Five to ten percent of women experience period pains that disrupt their lives yet 4 in 5 women believe that their claims for their dysmenorrhea are not taken seriously. Within the process ...

Background: Patterns of vitamin D intake are relatively unexplored among women living with HIV, despite its importance for women's health. We compared vitamin D dietary and supplement intakes in women...

Background: Miscarriage is defined as spontaneous loss of pregnancy prior to 20 weeks gestation. With an estimated risk of 15% of clinically confirmed pregnancies ending in miscarriage, it is the most...

OPINION article Front. Endocrinol., 19 October 2022Sec. Reproduction Volume 13 - 2022 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.893889

STUDY QUESTION: Does sexual intercourse enhance the cycle fecundability in women without known subfertility? SUMMARY ANSWER: Sexual intercourse (regardless of timing during the cycle) was associated ...

Periodic vaginal bleeding occurs in humans (who are henceforth called “women,” a word describing culture as well as biology), old-world apes, and few other mammals. By current concepts, women’s menstr...

Background: Some studies have suggested minor changes in the menstrual cycle after COVID-19 vaccination, but more detailed analyses of the menstrual cycle are needed to evaluate more specific changes ...

Stress is known to be associated with adverse health outcomes. The COVID-19 pandemic and its associated lockdowns are examples of chronic stressors. Lockdown measures inadvertently caused significant ...

To evaluate variations in micronutrient biomarker concentrations and deficiencies across the menstrual cycle in a cohort of healthy women. This prospective cohort study was conducted among healthy wom...

LEARNING Objective: After participating in this activity, learners should be better able to:• Discuss and outline the general and overlapping effects of the menstrual cycle on women's mental health. A...

Background: A new fertility monitor is now available that provides quantitative measurement of urinary hormones, but clinical use requires validation against an established fertility monitor that prov...

STUDY QUESTION: What is the normal range of cervical mucus patterns and number of days with high or moderate day-specific probability of pregnancy (if intercourse occurs on a specific day) based on ce...

Women's interest in sex is asserted to increase at the mid-cycle pre-ovulatory estradiol peak. We explored this belief in healthy, spontaneously normally menstruating/ovulating women. Women recorded "...

Context: Menstrual cycle is considered the fifth vital sign among women. This study aimed to summarize the menstrual disturbances in different endocrine disorders. Evidence Acquisition: In this narrat...

Importance: Catamenial epilepsy (CE) is exacerbated by hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle. Approximately 1.7 million women have epilepsy in the United States. CE affects more than 40% of...

Background: Attaining pregnancy is conditional upon a series of complex processes, including adequately timed intercourse, ovulation, fertilisation, and implantation. Anovulation is a first-line treat...

Estradiol is the "prototypic" sex hormone of women. Yet, women have another sex hormone, which is often disregarded: Progesterone. The goal of this article is to provide a comprehensive review on prog...

Purpose: With the advent of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), life expectancy has increased among persons living with HIV, but so too has risk for comorbidities including osteoporosis and fragil...

Background: Women living with HIV (WLWH) have higher rates of prolonged secondary amenorrhea (no flow for ≥1 year) than HIV-negative women. Both having amenorrhea and being HIV positive are associated...

Objective: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) affects millions of women. While over-the-counter products have helped with the physical symptoms of PMS, emotional symptoms have been less well supported. The o...

BACKGROUND: There is variability between women for days of menstrual bleeding, cycle lengths, follicular phase lengths, and luteal phase lengths, related to age and parity. OBJECTIVE: To describe tot...

Despite research indicating that sleep disorders influence reproductive health, the effects of sleep on reproductive hormone concentrations are poorly characterized. We prospectively followed 259 regu...

Female fecundity is finely regulated by hormonal signaling, representing a potential target for endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Among the chemicals of most concern are the perfluoroalkyl substances (P...

In 2006-2008, 610 premenopausal, spontaneously menstruating women in the Metro Vancouver region participated in a Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)-funded singlecycle in which they collect...

This review is to challenge current concepts of women’s reproduction with its cultural over-emphasis on estrogen and positive actions, while progesterone tends to be ignored or associated with negativ...

Background Women living with HIV (WLWH) have higher rates of long-term amenorrhea (no flow for ≥12 months) than HIV-negative women. However, little is known about the consequences of amenorrhea for WL...

For most women of reproductive age, assessing menstrual health and fertility typically involves regular visits to a gynecologist or another clinician. While these evaluations provide critical informat...

Background: The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) systems for nomenclature of symptoms of normal and abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) in the reproductive years (FIGO AUB Syst...

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To assess prospectively luteinized unruptured follicle (LUF) syndrome in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients with and without non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and healthy contro...

Estradiol (E2) is women's dominant 'bone hormone' since it is essential for development of adolescent peak bone mineral density (BMD) and physiological levels prevent the rapid (3-week) bone resorptio...

Although minerals are linked to several reproductive outcomes, it is unknown whether dietary minerals are associated with ovulatory function. We hypothesised that low intakes of minerals would be asso...

Objective: Explore potential relationships between preovulatory, periovulatory, and luteal-phase characteristics in normally cycling women. Design: Observational study. Setting: Eight European natural...

Sex hormones significantly impact women's lives. Throughout the different stages of life, from menarche to menopause and all stages in between, women experience dramatic fluctuations in the levels of ...

Amenorrhea is important for women's bone health. However, few have reported reproductive, anthropometric (body mass index [BMI], height) and bone health (areal bone mineral density [BMD], prevalent fr...

Approximately 33% of normal-length (21⁻35 days) cycles have subclinical ovulatory disturbances and lack sufficient progesterone, although their normal length ensures enough estrogen. Subclinical ovula...

BACKGROUND: Limited evidences were reported about the risk of pre-pregnancy hair dye use or irregular menstruation with abnormal birth weight during pregnancy, and their joint effects were also unknow...

Arterial stiffness is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk. Previous sex-based investigations of local and central stiffness report inconsistent findings and have not controlled for m...

BACKGROUND & Aims: Many women experience emotional and physical symptoms around the time of ovulation and more so before menstruation interfering with their daily normal life also known as premenstrua...

Objective: To assess systemic inflammation in relation to fecundability and anovulation. Design: Prospective cohort study among participants in the Effects of Aspirin in Gestation and Reproduction tri...

The concept of the ovarian continuum can be understood as a process that occurs during a woman's lifetime and begins during intrauterine life with fertilization. Women start their reproductive years w...

Background: There are many mobile phone apps aimed at helping women map their ovulation and menstrual cycles and facilitating successful conception (or avoiding pregnancy). These apps usually ask user...

Core and peripheral body temperatures are affected by changes in reproductive hormones during the menstrual cycle. Women worldwide use the basal body temperature (BBT) method to aid and prevent concep...

Study Question: How are concentrations of plasma homocysteine and serum folate associated with reproductive hormones and anovulation in regularly menstruating women? Summary Answer: Higher homocystei...

Background: Malaria is prevalent in Nigeria, and artemether + lumefantrine (artemisinin-based combination therapy [ACT]) is drug of choice in treatment of uncomplicated cases. ACT is contraindicated i...

An affordable, user-friendly fertility-monitoring tool remains an unmet need. We examine in this study the correlation between pulse rate (PR) and the menstrual phases using wrist-worn PR sensors. 91 ...

COSPONSORING ASSOCIATIONS: The American Society for Reproductive Medicine, the European Society of Endocrinology, and the Pediatric Endocrine Society. This guideline was funded by the Endocrine Societ...

The topic of how the menstrual cycle is a vital sign which could signal pathophysiologic process has received considerable attention in the past decade. The current recommendations of various academic...

Premenstrual disorders affect up to 12% of women. The subspecialties of psychiatry and gynecology have developed overlapping but distinct diagnoses that qualify as a premenstrual disorder; these inclu...

Introduction: Although a fragility fracture family history (FFFH+) has repeatedly been shown to be associated with lower bone mineral density (BMD), its relationship to human BMD change is unclear. An...

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between menstrual cycle characteristics in early life and adulthood and fecundability. Methods: Pregnancy Study Online (PRESTO) is an In...

Background: Clinicians often recommend limiting caffeine intake while attempting to conceive; however, few studies have evaluated the associations between caffeine exposure and menstrual cycle functio...

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to characterize the patterns of medication intake in healthy, reproductive-age women not using hormonal contraception. Methods: Two hundered fifty-nine healthy, ...

Non-sexually active adolescents are currently treated with combined hormonal contraception (CHC) for common experiences (e.g., cramps, acne) and serious problems (e.g., hypothalamic amenorrhea, heavy ...

Here I respond to Akers, Dhar, and Shah's (2016), Stubbs's (2016), Olshansky's (2016), and Kissling's (2016) commentaries on the article (Prior, 2016) in which I expressed concerns about the potential...

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International (Issn: 2456-9119) is dedicated to publish high quality papers in all areas of pharmaceutical Science including pharmaceutical drugs, community pharmacy...

Background: Evidence is growing that the equilibrium between reactive oxygen species and antioxidants plays a vital role in women's reproductive health. Objective: The objective of this study was to ...

Despite variations worldwide and within the U.S. population, median age at menarche has remained relatively stable-between 12 years and 13 years-across well-nourished populations in developed countrie...

Introduction: Very few studies describe the obstetric and neonatal outcome of spontaneous pregnancies in women with irregular menstrual cycles. However, menstrual cycle irregularities are common and m...

Background: Although habitual low-to-moderate alcohol intake has been linked with reduced all-cause mortality and morbidity, the effect of recent alcohol intake on female reproductive function has not...

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of hyperprolactinemia and thyroid disorders among patients with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) compared with matched controls. Methods: In 2013-2014, an observa...

Background: Ovulatory menstrual cycles are essential for women's fertility and needed to prevent bone loss. There is a medical/cultural expectation that clinically normal menstrual cycles are inevitab...

The onset of puberty has been a fascinating topic for reproductive endocrinologists for decades; however, its underlying physiological mechanisms have remained elusive until recently. The discovery an...

Study Question: Does use of commonly used over-the-counter (OTC) pain medication affect reproductive hormones and ovulatory function in premenopausal women? Summary Answer: Few associations were foun...

STUDY QUESTION: Are prospectively assessed dietary factors, including overall diet quality, macronutrients and micronutrients, associated with luteal phase deficiency (LPD) in healthy reproductive age...

Ovulation occurs on 1 day during each menstrual cycle (even if multiple follicles are involved), and the several days preceding ovulation are when intercourse is most likely to result in pregnancy. Co...

Purpose: To determine whether depressive symptoms are associated with ovulation or reproductive hormone concentrations in eumenorrheic women without a reported diagnosis of clinical depression. Metho...

Study Question: Does serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) vary significantly throughout both ovulatory and sporadic anovulatory menstrual cycles in healthy premenopausal women? Summary Answer: Serum AM...

Objective: To compare previously used algorithms to identify anovulatory menstrual cycles in women self-reporting regular menses. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Western New York. PATIENT(S...

We investigated whether sexual activity was associated with reproductive function in the BioCycle Study, a prospective cohort study that followed 259 regularly menstruating women aged 18 to 44years fo...

Context: Hyperandrogenism is a hallmark of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women with irregular menses, yet the relationship between androgens and ovarian dysfunction remains poorly understood in ...

Context: Although adequate luteal hormone production is essential for establishing pregnancy, luteal phase deficiency (LPD) is poorly characterized among eumenorrheic women. Objective: We assessed th...

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of leptin on reproductive hormones and ovulation. Study Design: The BioCycle Study (2005-2007) followed 259 healthy premenopausal wome...

Purpose: To evaluate the association between physical activity (PA) across the menstrual cycle and reproductive function. Methods: The BioCycle Study (2005-2007) followed 259 healthy premenopausal wo...

BACKGROUND: Transient exposures may influence fertility and early embryonic development. To assess the time of conception in vivo and conduct concurrent biomonitoring, ovulation must be identified pro...

Background: Over 100 million women currently use oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) worldwide. However, little is known about the effects of OCPs on arterial stiffness and hemodynamics. Furthermore, whet...

Objective: To assess the association of total isoflavone intake with ovulatory function, including sporadic anovulation in healthy premenopausal women. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Unive...

Subclinical ovulatory disturbances (anovulation or short luteal phases within normal-length menstrual cycles) indicate lower progesterone-to-estrogen levels. Given that progesterone plays a bone forma...

STUDY Question: What are the characteristics of, and how variable are, individual normal menstrual cycle profiles of excretion rates for the urinary metabolites oestrone glucuronide (E1G) and pregnane...

Objective: Urinary hormonal markers may assist in increasing the efficacy of Fertility Awareness Based Methods (FABM). This study uses urinary pregnanediol-3a-glucuronide (PDG) testing to more accurat...

Initial evaluation of the patient with acute abnormal uterine bleeding should include a prompt assessment for signs of hypovolemia and potential hemodynamic instability. After initial assessment and s...

Background: Progesterone with its anti-seizure effect plays a role in the pathophysiology of catamenial epilepsy which affects 31-60% of epileptic women. In this study, an attempt to treat women suffe...

Von Willebrand disease (VWD) is a heterogeneous bleeding disorder caused by decrease or dysfunction of von Willebrand factor (VWF). A wide range of mutations in the VWF gene have been characterized; h...

Obesity and high body mass index (BMI) are known to be risks for anovulation and infertility. Little is known about how BMI levels affect parameters of the menstrual cycle. The purpose of this study w...

Background: Menarche and menopause mark the onset and cessation, respectively, of ovarian activity associated with reproduction, and affect breast cancer risk. Our aim was to assess the strengths of t...

Obstetrics & Gynecology: July 2012 - Volume 120 - Issue 1 - p 197-206 doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e318262e320

Menstruation has many of the features of an inflammatory process. The complexity and sequence of inflammatory-type events leading to the final tissue breakdown and bleeding are slowly being unravelled...

Menstrual bleeding patterns are considered relevant indicators of reproductive health, though few studies have evaluated patterns among regularly menstruating premenopausal women. The authors evaluate...

Background: Physical activity (PA) is an important modifiable risk factor for both bone mineral density (BMD) and body mass index (BMI). However, BMI is itself strongly predictive of BMD. Our aim was ...

Background: The UNDP/WHO/World Bank/Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (Geneva) set up a study to determine whether it is feasible for women to moni...

We report menstrual and mid-cycle patterns of self-reported "fluid retention" in 765 menstrual cycles in 62 healthy women. Self-reported "fluid retention," commonly described as bloating, is one eleme...

El objetivo de este artículo es revisar los principales conceptos en la literatura acerca de la ventana de la fertilidad en pacientes con ciclos menstruales normales. El énfasis principal del artículo...

In the modern environment one is exposed to various stressful conditions. Stress can lead to changes in the serum level of many hormones including glucocorticoids, catecholamines, growth hormone and p...

Neurophysiological and behavioral development is particularly complex in adolescence. Youngsters experience strong emotions and impulsivity, reduced self-control, and preference for actions which offe...

Cognitive abilities, such as verbal fluency and mental rotation, are most sensitive to changes in sex steroids but poorly studied in the context of hormonal contraceptive usage. Therefore, we investig...

BACKGROUND: Menstrual cycle function may continue to be altered after discontinuation of oral contraceptives (OC). Few studies have been published on the effects of recent OC use on menstrual cycle pa...

Perimenopause, rather than a time of declining estrogen, is characterized by three major hormonal changes that may begin in regularly menstruating women in their mid-thirties: erratically higher estra...

Women's menstrual cycles and bone remodeling are linked in part by their co-dependency on the stressand resource-associated variables that govern both of their cyclical natures. Therefore, it is not s...

BACKGROUND: There are many types of ovarian activity that occur in women. This review provides information on the relationship between the hormone values and the degree of biological response to the h...

We estimated peak bone mass (PBM) in 615 women and 527 men aged 16 to 40 years using longitudinal data from the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study (CaMos). Individual rates of change were average...

Objective: We address the crucial and challenging task of anticipating the resources needed to recruit eligible participants for research. We provide our analysis of various recruitment strategies and...

The objectives of the study were to develop bone mineral density (BMD) reference norms and BMD Z-scores at various skeletal sites, to determine whether prior fracture and/or asthma were related to BMD...

The means by which vaginal microbiomes help prevent urogenital diseases in women and maintain health are poorly understood. To gain insight into this, the vaginal bacterial communities of 396 asymptom...

Context: Cross-sectional studies have found associations among elevated cognitive dietary restraint (CDR), increased ovulatory disturbances, and lower bone mass, possibly mediated by cortisol. Object...

Cognitive dietary restraint (CDR) is the perception of limiting food intake to achieve/maintain a perceived ideal body weight. The objective of this 2‐yr prospective study was to determine if women wi...

Background: Physicians and menstruating women often ask pharmacists for recommendations about menstrual cycle–related problems. Progesterone and medroxyprogesterone may provide physiology-based treatm...

We examined the cyclicity of negative mood relative to ovulation and ovulation disturbances in Menstrual Cycle Diary(c) data collected daily during a 1-year study of ovulation, exercise, and bone chan...

Objective: To assess computerised least-squares analysis of quantitative basal temperature (LS-BT) against urinary pregnanediol glucuronide (PdG) as an indirect measure of ovulation, and to evaluate t...

Abnormal uterine bleeding imposes major medical, social and financial problems for women, their families and the health services. Abnormal uterine bleeding refers to the regularity, frequency, duratio...

Background: The copper intrauterine device (IUD) can cause side effects in some women; increased uterine bleeding and pain may cause early removal. Because of simplified reporting from previous resear...

Menstruation is widely viewed as serving no purpose other than to reinitiate the endometrial cycle in the absence of pregnancy. Yet, it is striking that cyclic endometrial decidualization followed by ...

BACKGROUND: To assess the amount of variability in ovarian follicular growth rate and maximum follicular diameter related to different centers, women and cycles of the same women in a multicenter obse...

Purpose: Studies from around the world indicate a trend toward younger ages of menarche. The extent of this trend in the Canadian population is unknown, and the relationship to later-life health indic...

Menstruation is the cyclic, orderly sloughing of the uterine lining on account of the interactions of hormones produced by the hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovaries. There is a tendency among parents a...

Objective: To determine the effect of luteinized unruptured follicle (LUF) cycles on frozen thawed embryo transfer (FET). Design: A retrospective analysis comparing the clinical outcomes after FET amo...

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the effect of epilepsy on the reproductive hormones levels among female patients, and to investigate the frequency of catamenial pattern of seizures. Methods: A total of...

The purpose of this study was to determine the variability in length of the fertile phase of the menstrual cycle with 140 participants who produced 1,060 cycles with an electronic hormonal fertility m...

This Canadian study of bone health showed that HIV+ women were more likely to have had fragility fractures (OR 1.7) but had BMD values that were not different than women from a national population-bas...

Objective: Hormone-based contraceptives affect mood in healthy women or in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). No study has yet examined their association with mood in women with major ...

Young patients and their parents often are unsure about what represents normal menstrual patterns, and clinicians also may be unsure about normal ranges for menstrual cycle length and amount and durat...

To the Editor: In the discussion of biologic differences between male and female fertility (April 6 issue),1 Federman states that women are fertile for only 12 hours each month. Although the egg is vi...

The concept of the ovarian cycle as a continuum considers that all types of ovarian activity encountered during the reproductive life are responses to different environmental conditions in order to en...

Objective: To determine variability in the phases of the menstrual cycle among healthy, regularly cycling women. Design: A prospective descriptive study of a new data set with biological markers to es...

The purpose of this review is to put into a useful clinical context the changing over time of basic ovarian-pituitary-hypothalamic relationships during perimenopause. "Perimenopause" means changes in ...

Two main types of cervical mucus have been described during the menstrual cycle: oestrogenic and progestative. Each category shows diverse morphological and functional features from the reproductive p...

To determine whether lung transfer factor for carbon monoxide (T(L(CO))) alters during menstrual phase and if steroid hormone levels relate to these changes, T(L(CO)) and T(L(CO)) adjusted for both al...

Our recent study showed a dose-response relationship between environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and the risk of early pregnancy loss. Smoking is known to affect female reproductive hormones. We explore...

Introduction: For many years, individual women and doctors have experimented with extending the duration of active oral contraceptive (OC) pills between pill-free intervals (long OC) to control menstr...

Background: The rise in FSH (FSHr) that leads to the recruitment of a cohort of follicles during the menstrual cycle occurs during the luteal-follicular transition, however, it is unclear whether it c...

Baerwald et al. (1) proposed a new model for ovarian follicular development in the human menstrual cycle. They showed additional waves of follicular development in the follicular and luteal phase of n...

Background: Oral contraceptives are commonly used by women athletes. However, their effect on athletic performance is unclear. Objectives: To examine the effects of a moderate dose, triphasic oral co...

Objective: The purpose was to explore cyclicity of breast tenderness and vasomotor symptoms in menstruating mid-life women using the Daily Perimenopause Diary. Methods: Untreated mid-life women from ...

OBJECTIVE: In vitro studies demonstrated that implantation on membranes (peritoneum, amniotic membranes) can take place if there are defects on the surface of the membranes. If these mechanisms play a...

This study examined pain sensitivity and pain modularity mechanisms (e.g., beta-endorphin levels, blood pressure) in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD; n = 27) and healthy controls (n =...

OBJECTIVE: To describe severity of emotional and physical symptoms in a large diverse sample; to examine demographic, health status, and behavioral correlates of symptom severity; and to describe use ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the reliability and factor structure of the Calendar of Premenstrual Experiences (COPE) in premenstrual syndrome (PMS) patients. STUDY DESIGN: Healthy women diagnosed with PMS (N...

OBJECTIVE: Early ultrasound scanning estimation of gestational age is known to increase the reported preterm delivery rate (<37 completed weeks) compared with estimation by date of the last normal men...

Perimenopause, a complex physiological transition for midlife women, begins with changes in experiences many years before cycles become irregular, oestradiol levels decrease or follicle-stimulating ho...

Objective: To determine whether a new monophasic oral contraceptive containing drospirenone/ethinyl estradiol reduces premenstrual symptoms. Study Design: In an open-label study measuring intrasubjec...

Investigators examined whether premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) poses a risk for major depressive disorder (MDD). In an initial study, women rated premenstrual symptoms and functional impairment...

BACKGROUND: This study examined changes in the luteal vasculature throughout the menstrual cycle and during simulated pregnancy with human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) in the human. METHODS: Endothe...

Women have twice the incidence of major depression compared with men. They are prone to develop episodes of depression during times of reproductive hormonal change at puberty, with use of oral contrac...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of progesterone and progestogens in the management of premenstrual syndrome. DESIGN: Systematic review of published randomised, placebo controlled trials. STUDIES...

OBJECTIVE: To improve prediction of ovulation in normal cycles. DESIGN: Collection of women's characteristics and their menstrual cycles. Monitoring and analysis of time relationships between several...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether mood, attitudes, or symptoms of disordered eating discriminated women with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) from those with organic causes of amenorrhea and eum...

Purpose: Women with high scores for dietary restraint have been found to have higher 24-h urinary cortisol excretion and a higher prevalence of subclinical ovulatory disturbances, both of which may be...

This 2-year prospective study examined associations among bone mineral acquisition and physical, maturational, and lifestyle variables during the pubertal transition in healthy girls. Forty-five girls...

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to examine basal and stress-induced levels of the neuroactive progesterone metabolite, allopregnanolone, in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and he...

OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy and tolerability of agnus castus fruit (Vitex agnus castus L extract Ze 440) with placebo for women with the premenstrual syndrome. DESIGN: Randomised, double blin...

Background: Cognitive dietary restraint, assessed by the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire restraint subscale, is associated with subclinical menstrual cycle disturbances. This association may be medi...

Objectives: To provide specific estimates of the likely occurrence of the six fertile days (the "fertile window") during the menstrual cycle. Design: Prospective cohort study. Participants: 221 healt...

BACKGROUND: Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are increasingly being used as first-line therapy for severe premenstrual syndrome (PMS). We undertook a meta-analysis on the efficacy of SS...

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of significant symptom change (symptom cyclicity) prospectively rated over multiple menstrual cycles has not been established in a non-clinical population. METHODS: Seventy...

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the risk of adverse outcomes in women whose first day of the last menstrual period (LMP) was unreliable. METHODS: Among 20,244 singleton pregnancies with measurements of bipari...

A significant number of women worldwide use periodic abstinence as their method of family planning. Many of them use some type of calendar-based approach to determine when they should abstain from unp...

Purpose: Exercise is understood to exert positive effects on bone. However cancellous bone has not been shown to increase with exercise. Previous results of our 1-yr observational prospective study in...

OBJECTIVE: To characterize how the menstrual cycle pattern relates to fertility regardless of potential biases caused by inappropriate coital timing during the menstrual cycle or early embryonal loss....

A case-control study was conducted to determine whether menstrual and gynecologic abnormalities precede the onset of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) in women with this disorder to a greater extent than...

I. Introduction II. Defining the Perimenopause III. Classic Studies of the Perimenopause A. Historical studies B. Early reports of women’s experiences in the perimenopause C. Early prospective menstru...

Objective: To compare spinal bone mineral density (BMD) and 1-year BMD change between premenopausal vegetarian and nonvegetarian women. Design: Cross-sectional comparison of spinal BMD at baseline and...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the serum concentrations of the sex steroid hormones with respect to the concentrations of the biologically active fractions of magnesium and calcium during the different phase...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical, hormonal, and biochemical effects of 4-6 months of metformin therapy in obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the expression of alpha6 and beta4 integrin subunits on surface and glandular endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle and during early pregnancy. SETTING: Second Department ...

BACKGROUND: The symptoms of women with premenstrual syndrome improve in response to suppression of ovarian function, although these women have no evidence of ovarian dysfunction. We undertook a study ...

Aim: To investigate and compare the diagnoses and treatment of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) from the perspectives of psychiatrists and obstetricians/gynecolog...

Herbal and related remedies are becoming increasingly popular in the United States. Although some of these products have been promoted as panaceas with little scientific data to support their use, cli...

Our understanding of the regulation of the menstrual cycle has recently improved with the development of various tools of investigation. The cycle is now thought to be determined mainly by the ovary i...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the anxiolytic 3alpha-5alpha-reduced progesterone metabolite allopregnanolone in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle in women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and controls. ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess menstrual blood loss and other menstrual characteristics prospectively in women with and without endometriosis. METHODS: Three hundred fifteen premenopausal women undergoing lapa...

Both hyperand hypothyroidism may result in menstrual disturbances. In hyperthyroidism, amenorrhea was described as early as 1840 by von Basedow. The most common manifestation is simple oligomenorrhea ...

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to assess (1) whether treatment with oral contraceptives, in comparison with medroxyprogesterone and placebo, improved bone mineral in women with hypothal...

Current concepts suggest that normal estrogen levels are necessary for exercise to have an osteogenic effect on bone. In a population of running and sedentary women Prior et al. (NEJM, 1990) have show...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate intraovarian resistance index (RI) in 47 healthy fertile volunteers with ovulatory cycles, 28 patients with luteal phase defect (LPD) and four patients with luteinized unrupture...

The Couple to Couple League (CCL) is pleased that an article and an editorial in the December 1995 issue of the well-respected New England Journal of Medicine confirm that natural family planning (NFP...

Healthy premenopausal women with regular cycles are believed to be increasing or maintaining bone density. However, few studies have prospectively documented spinal cancellous bone, the bone that chan...

The relationship between symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and serum levels of pregnenolone (Pe), pregnenolone sulfate (PS), 5 alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione (5 alpha-DHP), 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha- p...

BACKGROUND: The timing of sexual intercourse in relation to ovulation strongly influences the chance of conception, although the actual number of fertile days in a woman's menstrual cycle is uncertain...

Objective: To evaluate whether the efficacy of naltrexone administration in patients with hypothalamic amenorrhea correlates to the response to an acute naloxone test. Design: Thirty patients with hyp...

This open trial assessed the effects of adjunctive progesterone therapy on seizure frequency in 25 women with catamenial exacerbation of complex partial (CPS) and secondary generalized motor (SGMS) se...

OBJECTIVE: To explore the pulsatile-release characteristics of LH and P in women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) compared with age-matched phase-matched controls. DESIGN: Prospective, repeated measu...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of oral micronized progesterone, alprazolam, and placebo in premenstrual syndrome (PMS) treatment and the effect of clinical contact on treatment responses. ...

BACKGROUND: Premenstrual dysphoria shares certain features with depression and anxiety states, which have been linked to serotonergic dysregulation. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of fluoxetine ...

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of menstrual cycle phase on four selected indices of athletic performance: aerobic capacity, anaerobic capacity, isokinetic strength, and high inte...

We compared energy and macronutrient intakes across the menstrual cycle in participants (n = 42) in a study that assessed the frequency of ovulatory disturbances in regularly cycling vegetarians and n...

The present study extends a previous report of lower plasma ACTH levels in women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) compared with asymptomatic controls. Plasma levels of estradiol and progesterone were ...

Ovulatory function was prospectively assessed over 6 mo in 23 vegetarians and 22 nonvegetarians with clinically normal menstrual cycles. Subjects were 20-40 y of age, of stable weight (body mass index...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of alprazolam in the treatment of two groups of patients diagnosed with late luteal phase dysphoric disorder (LLPDD). The first group met only the diagnostic criteria...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the ability of luteal phase length determined by basal body temperature (BBT) pattern and a midluteal serum progesterone level to predict the result of an endometrial biopsy in...

We measured plasma Cu. Zn and Mg levels in 40 women suffering from premenstrual tension syndrome (PMTS) and in 20 control subjects by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Mean plasma Cu, Zn and Mg lev...

Objective: Bone loss occurs in young women who experience amenorrhea or ovulatory disturbances. The purpose of this study was to determine whether bone loss could be prevented by simulating a more nor...

OBJECTIVE: To establish age-stratified reference values for salivary luteal P levels. DESIGN: One hundred thirty-six regularly menstruating women (18 to 48 years of age), screened for weight, exercis...

We assessed the relationship between dietary restraint and menstrual cycle characteristics in 27 ovulatory women, previous participants in a longitudinal study of spinal cancellous bone mineral densit...

Lignans are a group of phytochemicals shown to have weakly estrogenic and antiestrogenic properties. Two specific lignans, enterodiol and enterolactone, are absorbed after formation in the intestinal ...

Women diagnosed as suffering from premenstrual syndrome and symptom free controls were compared on hormonal parameters, glucose tolerance, mineralocorticoids, cholesterols, triglycerides, apolipoprote...

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a menstrual cycle-related disorder of mood and behavior with unknown etiology and lack of evidence of endocrine imbalances. The absence of menstrual cyclicity eliminates...

The Billings method, or cervical mucus method, is a natural family planning method developed during the 1970s by the Australian physicians John and Evelyn Billings. The method requires periodic abstin...

Cervical mucus is produced throughout the menstrual cycle. Sperm migration, however, is possible only during the periovulatory period of the cycle. Cervical mucus is also produced during the amenorrho...

Endometrial stromal cells undergo decidual transformation, in response to epidermal growth factor (EGF) and progesterone. Since insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) are...

OBJECTIVE: Although its etiology is unknown, it has been hypothesized that premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is linked to a deficiency of central serotoninergic activity. In the present study, we evaluated ...

A physically active and athletic lifestyle is not only a healthy but a fulfilling choice for women. Although there is extensive literature on 'athletic amenorrhoea' which implies that exercise causes ...

Natural family planning (NFP) is based on the knowledge *largely nonexistent) of a women as to whether she is in her fertile period or not. In contrast to the calendar method, the Billings method cons...

The premenstrual syndrome (PMS) has been proposed to result from excessive exposure to and/or withdrawal of brain opioid activity during the luteal phase. Because hypothalamic opioids are believed to ...

Serum levels of progesterone, total testosterone, free testosterone, androstenedione (A2), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS), 17-OH-progesterone (17-OHP), and sex ...

It has become apparent in recent years that regulation of the ovulatory cycle cannot be accomplished solely through the mediation of the two pituitary gonadotropins, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)...

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the extent and sources of imprecision in histologic dating of the endometrial biopsy. DESIGN: Duplicate endometrial biopsies from 25 women were dated by five evaluators on ...

Endovaginal sonography of the endometrium demonstrates characteristic findings throughout the menstrual cycle. To correlate these findings with histologic criteria for normal endometrial development, ...

Women with luteal phase deficiency have been shown to have an increased frequency of luteinizing hormone pulses in the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Because progesterone is known to m...

Evaluation of cervical mucus is a standard for determining the fertile period in natural family planning. Cervical mucus accepts, filters, prepares, and releases sperm for successful transport to the ...

Animal experimental and human clinical investigations show that estrogens lower and progestins raise many seizure thresholds. In women, seizure frequency varies with the serum estradiol to progesteron...

Fertility and the mechanism of ovulation is complex. The processes of fertilization and ovulation are described in this report. Information includes a description of the natural indicators of fertilit...

A study was carried out in order to determine the impact of Nomegestrol acetate on the human cervix and to evaluate the ability of changes induced in cervical mucus to render the cervical canal hostil...

beta-Endorphin has a role in the regulation of the normal menstrual cycle and possibly in the onset of puberty. We have reviewed the evidence pointing to an alteration in this neuropeptide that may co...

The notion of an oscillator or signal generator in the central nervous system that controls the rhythmic release of GnRH and, thereby, the pulsatile secretion of the gonadotropic hormones, originated ...

Background: Osteoporosis develops in women with estrogen deficiency and amenorrhea who lose bone at an accelerated rate. It is not known to what extent bone loss differs between ovulatory women with r...

Progesterone is the most widely used treatment for premenstrual syndrome. To answer definitely the question of whether progesterone suppositories are effective for the treatment of premenstrual syndro...

In order to delineate factors contributing to variation in hormone levels, progesterone and prolactin (PRL) levels from 28 normal women, obtained daily during one menstrual cycle and every 20 minutes ...

Basal temperature data are known to provide unreliable assessments of luteal phase length when they are evaluated by qualitative, visual-pattern methods. This study of 24 cycles in 24 women compared t...

Three-hour oral glucose tolerance tests were performed on days 5 and 25 of ovulatory menstrual cycles in 26 women. The women were divided into normal (n = 9) and premenstrual syndrome (PMS) (n = 17) c...

Experimental, epidemiological, and clinical data indicate that progesterone is active in bone metabolism. Progesterone appears to act directly on bone by engaging an osteoblast receptor or indirectly ...

To examine the differential regulation of glycoprotein hormone secretion from the gonadotrope by GnRH, the Nal-Glu GnRH antagonist was administered to euthyroid women in the early follicular phase (da...

Luteal phase defect (LPD) accounts for a significant proportion of reproductive disorders, however its etiology is still debated. A prospective study was performed on 37 ovulatory women to determine w...

The recurrent deficiency of progesterone (P) secretion by the corpus luteum has been associated with infertility and habitual abortion and given the clinical diagnosis of luteal phase deficiency (LPD)...

Sixty-three endometrial biopsies were dated histologically by using the standard criteria on two separate occasions by the same observer. Overall, it was found that exact agreement occurred in 15 (24%...

The relationship between asymptomatic bacteriuria and prematurity/low birth weight (LBW) is still a controversial issue, despite many studies. Meta-analysis, a research tool designed to analyze and co...

Ultrasound (US) has been demonstrated to be the method of choice for diagnosing luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome and to be a valuable adjuvant in the assessment of luteal phase defect. In this ...

The functional integrity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axes was assessed by determining pulsatile LH, ACTH, and cortisol secretion during the early follicula...

Dating of maturity of the endometrium by histologic examination was correlated with four methods of ovulation detection in 13 cycling parous women. Histologic dating was assessed independently by two ...

In brief: Two runners who were not aware they had conceived continued their intense running regimens during the first and second trimesters of pregnancy. Both women assumed that their amenorrhea was d...

DlJ. ring the last stage of puberty, the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis acquires the ability to respond to high levels of estradiol; this results in a sharp increase in the pituitary output of lu...

Twenty women with the diagnosis of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study to evaluate the efficacy of naltrexone, an oral opiate antagonist. Th...

Pulsatile administration of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) is a very effective treatment for induction of ovulation in hypothalamic amenorrhoea (HA). Thirty-seven women have been treated for a...

The authors studied the effects of clonidine on a subgroup of women who had symptoms associated with premenstrual syndrome; the subgroup comprised 24 women aged 19 to 41 years who had "moderate" to "s...

A treatment with the GnRH-agonist, buserelin, was given intranasally in a dosage of 400 micrograms once daily, to induce anovulation in 26 women with premenstrual tension syndrome; 23 patients complet...

A variety of hypotheses have been proposed to explain the premenstrual syndromes. These hypotheses serve as rationales for an equally diverse range of proposed treatments. To investigate these hypothe...

Enriched small and large cell fractions were prepared from mature corpora lutea from 15 women in the midluteal phase by enzymatic dissociation, followed by Percoll gradient centrifugation. The steroid...

In order to evaluate the relationship between the urinary luteinizing hormone (LH) surge as detected by the OvuSTICK (Monoclonal Antibodies, Inc., Mountain View, CA) method and daily cervical mucus pa...

CommentThis case fits the criteria for mania listed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd edition) and the ninth revision of the International Classification of Diseases.Th...

Progesterone (P), the natural hormone, binds to its specific receptors to induce specific progestational effects. In addition to this binding, P is able to interfere with the binding sites of other st...

Whole-blood serotonin levels in 14 subjects with well documented premenstrual syndrome and 13 age-matched controls were compared. Serotonin levels of premenstrual syndrome subjects were significantly ...

Endometrial biopsies from 90 women with regular menstrual cycles and a hormonal profile compatible with normal luteal function were morphometrically assessed using 11 different indices and the results...

A double-blind controlled study of the effects of vitamin B6 supplementation on premenstrual symptoms was conducted. Fifty-five women who reported moderate to severe premenstrual mood changes particip...

A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized multiple crossover study was designed to determine the effectiveness of alprazolam in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome. Patients maintained daily d...

Exercise is commonly listed as a remedy for the premenstrual syndrome (PMS), although no study has proven that it is an effective therapy. Numerous reports have suggested that exercise is associated w...

Reproductive change during conditioning exercise (physical training provides a model of hypothalamic adaptation to alterations in the external and internal environment. Parallels exist between the rep...

Plasma beta-endorphin (beta-EP), beta-lipotropin (beta-LPH), and cortisol concentrations were measured by perimenstrual period in 11 patients affected by premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and in 8 asymptoma...

Six months of exercise training was associated with decreased premenstrual symptoms in two groups of women. There was no change in symptoms in nontraining women. Eight sedentary (ST) women increased r...

Reproductive function in humans changes markedly during life and is usually divided into four stages. During the initial stage, which begins early in fetal life and ends in infancy, gonadotropins and ...

Forty-one women with breast cancer and 119 controls participated in a case-control study of the relation of endogenous sex hormones to breast carcinoma in premenopausal women. During the follicular ph...

The use of mefenamic acid in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) was investigated in 15 women over six menstrual cycles. A randomized, double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled design was ...

Rigorous criteria were used to select women with severe premenstrual syndrome for inclusion in an 8-month double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial of progesterone vaginal suppositories. Followin...

The first study was done in which vaginal hormonal cytograms were correlated with cervical mucus symptoms as charted by women using the ovulation method of natural family planning. Daily vaginal smear...

Conditioning exercise decreased premenstrual symptoms during 3 months of a prospective controlled training study. Eight women with normal ovulatory menstrual cycles began a running exercise training p...

To determine whether changes in circulating levels of neuropeptides are associated with symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), 20 women with the diagnosis of PMS and 20 asymptomatic subjects were st...

Gonadal steroids are altered by the reproductive system's adaptation to conditioning exercise. Contraceptive options for the athletic woman include all measures appropriate for the sedentary woman. Ba...

A double blind, randomised, crossover trial of oral micronised progesterone (two months) and placebo (two months) was conducted to determine whether progesterone alleviated premenstrual complaints. Tw...

Endometrial biopsy specimens were obtained from 107 normally menstruating infertile women 2 to 3 days before the anticipated onset of menses and were day-dated according to histologic criteria. A simu...

Serum hormone concentrations were determined at intervals during the last 17 days of the menstrual cycle in 35 patients with premenstrual tension (PMT) and 11 control subjects without symptoms. The ma...

Sonographic criteria of endometrial tissue were obtained following serial observations in normally ovulating women, and a prospective identification of a specific phase was made in those with regular ...

Plasma and erythrocyte magnesium were measured in 105 patients with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) using a simple atomic absorption spectroscopy method. The erythrocyte magnesium concentration for the pa...

Fifteen women with moderate to severe premenstrual symptoms, defined and graded according to a recently developed scoring system, took part in a double blind study of the effect of progesterone on pre...

Thirty-one normal women were studied daily in 41 cycles. Venous blood samples were taken for measurements of luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), and progesterone (P), and vaginal examinations we...

Blood and urine specimens from 27 premenopausal breast cancer patients and 62 healthy controls have been compared with respect to concentration of testosterone and progesterone in blood and of testost...

Pulsatile secretion of LH in women has been shown to vary during the menstrual cycle. LH pulse frequency during the luteal phase is markedly reduced compared to that in the follicular phase. The objec...

Interesting data on infertile human membranous mucus compared with infertile filamentous mucus have emerged from previous studies using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The aim of this study was to...

Blood was found in the peritoneal fluid in 90% of women with patent tubes at laparoscopy during perimenstrual time. If the fallopian tubes were occluded, then only 15% of patients had evidence of bloo...

Normal probability plots were used to assess the homogeneity of a population of 327 luteal phases from apparently ovulatory menstrual cycles. The length of the luteal phase was defined as the interval...

The pattern of episodic gonadotropin release was studied in 15 normal female volunteers during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle with 24 h of blood sampling for follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH...

By studying the changes of microscopic and ultramicroscopic structure of cervical mucus and the corresponding changes of ovarian hormone levels throughout the cycle, a close correspondence was found b...

Thirty-one women with severe premenstrual syndrome had low sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) binding capacities 30.2 +/- 9.4 nmol DHT bound/l. The SHBG binding capacities rose when they were treated...

In women with premenstrual syndrome, negative changes start soon after ovulation gradually increasing as the corpus luteum develops, and reach a maximum during the last 5 days of the luteal phase. The...

This is a survey of 14 placebo-controlled studies regarding the treatment of premenstrual symptoms with bromocriptine. There is no substantial support that bromocriptine is an effective drug in the pr...

A prospective study is presented in order to determine the frequency of the luteinized unruptured follicle (LUF) in a population of 66 regularly cycling women. They were monitored by daily ultrasound ...

Basal body temperature (BBT) charts from three menstrual cycles of 20 normal women and 20 women with biopsy-proven luteal phase defect (LPD) were reviewed. Mean luteal phase length in the normal women...

Daily estimations of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, estradiol, and progesterone were made in the serum of eight infertile patients from day 1 through the follicular phas...

Thirteen women with luteal phase defects (LPD) confirmed by endometrial biopsies and 14 with histologically normal endometria were studied for early follicular and midfollicular phase follicle-stimula...

A group of 22 women with anovulatory cycles was treated with tamoxifen in 46 cycles. We elucidated daily hormone profiles in 5 of the 33 tamoxifen-induced ovulatory cycles in order to make a compariso...

The premenstrual symptom complex many women experience in a moderate to severe form can be divided into four subgroups. Because there is more than one syndrome and nervous tension is one of the most c...

One hundred thirty-seven premenopausal women with premenstrual tension underwent laparoscopy for bleeding, pain and/or infertility. Endometriosis was the associated gynecologic disease observed most f...

All forms of birth control require some motivation, and motivation calls for understanding. If a woman learns to interpret her own cycles, her understanding of her body will be enhanced, and this coul...

A double-blind cross-over placebo controlled trial was carried out to compare progesterone 200 mg with a placebo, both given in rectal suppositories, in 20 patients with the pre-menstrual syndrome (PM...

Journal Article THE NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY OF OPIOID PEPTIDES Get access ASHLEY GROSSMAN, BA BSc MRCP, ASHLEY GROSSMAN, BA BSc MRCP Departments of Endocrinology and Chemical Endocrinology St Bartholomew's...

In a double-blind, randomized dose-response study, 75 women with benign breast disease were administered a written questionnaire in which they scored the severity of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) sympto...

In studying the structural changes of human cervical mucus during the ovulatory cycle, they have been observed to be directly related to ovarian hormone changes. Mucus structural changes, if taken acc...

The possibility that beta-endorphin, an endogenous opiate, is involved in the regulation of the menstrual cycle was examined. Daily serum beta-endorphin levels, in conjunction with luteinizing hormone...

Whereas follicle rupture never occurred before the 37th hour after an ovulatory stimulus (either the onset of the LH surge or hCG administration) in control patients, ovulation was observed at 26 to 3...

The human individual responds as an entire organism to the effect of endurance training. Exercise physiologists have long documented cardiovascular, musculo-skeletal and metabolic effects of condition...

Concentrations of beta-endorphin were measured in the venous effluent of the hypothalamus (hypophyseal portal blood) at various phases of the menstrual cycle and after ovariectomy in rhesus and pigtai...

Fourteen normal women (self-selected from 180 women enrolled) in a marathon training clinic kept basal body temperature (BBT), mileage, and weight records for 48 cycles before the marathon. Entry crit...

Hormonal profiles were obtained throughout 26 conception cycles and 27 non-conception control cycles. The pregnancies followed treatment (clomiphene or bromocriptine) in 12 women but were spontaneous ...

Past practices of Natural Family Planning (NFP) have included such techniques as: 1) calendar rhythm in which a constant mathematical relationship was calculated between the day of ovulation and the b...

The estimated time of ovulation (ETO) was correlated with the day of defined postovulatory infertility in 66 hormonally normal menstrual cycles from 24 subjects for each of 15 different natural family...

Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) binding capacity was measured in 50 women with severe premenstrual syndrome and 50 age-matched controls. The binding capacity was significantly lower (P = 0.001) in...

Several periovulatory symptoms sometimes used in natural family planning are correlated with the estimated time of ovulation in 23 subjects and 64 hormonally normal menstrual cycles. The data suggest ...

Serial sonographic examinations were performed on 15 volunteers five days during the expected midcycle. The 75 sonographic studies were evaluated in a nonbiased manner, and the following features were...

27 healthy young Italian women were studied to evaluate their ability to identify symptomatically the potentially fertile phase of the menstrual cycle by self observation of their cervical mucus patte...

To test the postulate that endogenous opioid peptides may be involved in the neuroendocrine mechanisms controlling the frequency and amplitude of LH pulses, saline and an opioid receptor antagonist, n...

In order to assess a possible influence of endogenous opioids upon gonadotrophin secretion in women, we examined the effects of i.v. administration of 10 mg naloxone, a specific opiate antagonist, in ...

The fertile period of the human menstrual cycle consists of those days on which sexual intercourse can result in a pregnancy. Its duration is determined by the functional life span of the gametes with...

The ovulation method provides a woman with an awareness of her cervical mucus pattern. This enables her to mark the beginning and end of the fertile phase of the cycle as well as the time of maximum f...

The luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome is a frequent phenomenon, occurring in half of our women with regular cycles and infertility. Progesterone concentrations and 17 beta-oestradiol concentrati...

Healthy volunteers with regular ovarian function, women taking oral contraceptives, and infertile patients being treated with clomiphene were studied longitudinally from day 7 of the cycle to menstrua...

In rhesus monkeys with hypothalamic lesions (which appear to abolish the endogenous production of gonadotropin-releasing hormone), normal ovulatory mestrual cycles were reestablished by an unvarying, ...

Four points on the basal body temperatures (BBT) curve have been correlated with the estimated time of ovulation (ETO), as determined by indirect hormonal parameters, in 74 menstrual cycles from 24 su...

The volume of peritoneal fluid was measured after laparoscopic aspiration in 303 women. Contamination with blood was estimated at 4.2 per cent by haemoglobin assay. In 120 women with regular menstrual...

It is commonplace for gynecologists to refer to "midcycle" ovulation of women. This concept has often led to the routine diagnosis of ovulatory status on day 14 of what is expected to be a 28-day mens...

In this report, the ultrastructure of eM was studied by cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-scan), which enabled us to observe the sample while it still contained water. … It was then placed in a ...

Patients with premenstrual syndrome recorded their symptoms daily using menstrual distress questionnaires. These were analysed by a least mean square method of fitting sine waves. After recording an u...

Daily (12-hour) urine collections taken throughout the menstrual cycle were obtained from 30 young women who by genetic analysis were at risk for familial breast cancer, and from 30 control women care...

This study was designed to test the assumption that women with regular menstrual cycles and premenstrual symptoms are ovulatory. 40 women aged 20-40 years were selected as probably ovulatory on the ba...

12 normal ovulatory women were studied during 17 menstrual cycles. The first day on which the women had increasing quantities of 0.1 ml or more clear cervical mucus (IQCCM) was closely related to the ...

Pip: The only way to be sure of avoiding pregnancy is for a couple to abstain from sexual intimacy during the fertile phase of the woman's cycle. Billings showed by reference to hormonal parameters th...

The observation of the "Peak" mucus symptom in women using the ovulation method of natural family planning has been correlated with the estimated time of ovulation, as evaluated by indirect hormonal p...

The only way to be sure of avoiding pregnancy is for a couple to abstain from sexual intimacy during the fertile phase of the woman's cycle. Billings showed by reference to hormonal parameters that af...

A study was made of the effects on the preovulatory surges of LH and FSH exerted by morphine sulfate (M) administered at 1400 h on proestrus, the beginning of the critical period for gonadotropin rele...

The plasma concentrations of oestrone, oestradiol-17β and progesterone, and the urinary excretion of oestrone, oestradiol-17β, oestriol and pregnanediol have been determined in normal Japanese and Bri...

Progesterone, at five times normal 24 h endogenous production rates, was administered daily to 37 rats over Days 2 to 10, 11 to 17 or 2 to 21 of gestation: term is Day 23. Peanut oil, the vehicle, was...

Androstenedione, testosterone, progesterone and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) in plasma and total oestrogens, luteinizing hormone (LH) and HCG in urine were measured in five women during concept...

This study was designed to investigate the effect of varying concentrations of estradiol, administered to normal women, upon the gonadotropin response to synthetic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH...

The ability of morphine to block ovulation in animals prompted investigation of the frequency and mechanisms of menstrual abnormalities in women addicted to narcotic analgesics. Menstrual histories ob...

The luteal phase plasma progesterone levels of 341 control patients were compared with those in 25 patients with early and 12 patients with advanced breast cancer. There was a significant increase of ...

The irregular menses experienced by obese and/or hirsute women were studied by daily measurement of serum LH, FSH, estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P). During 8 cycles of 24 to 157 days, each episode ...

Plasma concentration of estrogen and progesterone were measured during the last 6 days of the menstrual cycle in women with premenstrual tension, and compared with a group of healthy women. Those wome...

Ten ovulating women were studied to assess the interrelationships of various systemic, hormonal, and reproductive tract changes during normal menstrual cycles. Samples of blood, 24 hour urine specimen...

Summary: Studies on pituitary and ovarian function as assessed by the urinary output of total gonadotrophic activity, the three classical oestrogens, pregnanediol and, in some cases, testosterone and ...

From among a group of women with apparently normal menstrual cycles, 7 cycles with short luteal phases were identified. These cycles were characterized by grossly normal FSH and LH patterns although t...

Clomiphene citrate [1-p(β-diethylaminoethoxy) phenyl-1,2-diphenyl-2-chloroethylene citrate], because of its ability to induce ovulation, was administered to 26 patients with excessive anovulatory uter...

Since classical times there has been discussion on the existence or non-existence of variations in libido in women during the menstrual cycle.*This discussion reached its peak in the nineteenth and ea...

Accurate timing of ovulation is especially necessary (1) in artificial insemination in order to avoid wastage of donor semen; (2) in cases where the husband is relatively infertile and it is necessary...

Cervical mucus at midcycle is increased in amount, acellularity, water content, and fluidity. Furthermore, cervical mucus at this time is well supplied with carbohydrate and presumably amino acids. Fr...

Of 900 biopsies made with a small suction curet 457 from 329 women were analyzed to show the progression of the endometrium from the high-estrogen early-proliferative phase, immediately following mens...

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My attention has been increasingly directed to a large group of women who are handicapped by premenstrual disturbances of manifold nature. It is well known that normal women suffer varying degrees of ...