Feeling of self-worth in healthy premenopausal women-relationships with menstrual cycles and ovulation over 1-year in the prospective ovulation cohort

Shirazian N, Shirin S, Kalidasan D, Prior JC

Published August 12, 2025 PloS one, 20(8), e0327539
DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0327539 PMID 40794779 PMC PMC12342324

RRM Academy Synopsis

Healthy women's self-worth shows no consistent menstrual cycle change

A year-long diary study of 53 healthy Vancouver women found small differences in daily self-worth by cycle phase. Self-worth was a bit higher in the follicular phase across all ovulatory cycles, and a bit higher in ovulation-disturbed cycles than in normal ones.

Study at a glance, diary study of 53 healthy Vancouver women: Self-worth changed only a little by menstrual cycle phase
Study at a glance, diary study of 53 healthy Vancouver women: Self-worth changed only a little by menstrual cycle phase. Source: Shirazian N et al., 2025, PMID 40794779.

Key Findings

  • Fifty-three women each kept at least eight cycles of daily diary data, averaging 13 cycles apiece.
  • Among normally ovulatory cycles, follicular and luteal scores did not differ. Across all ovulatory cycles, short luteal phases included, follicular scores ran slightly higher.
  • Forty-six women had both normally ovulatory and ovulation-disturbed cycles. In them, self-worth ran slightly higher in the disturbed cycles, opposite to the authors' hypothesis.
  • Diary entries for self-worth moved together with interest in sex and energy (9.0% of total variance) and moved opposite to negative mood.

Interpretation

This study followed 53 healthy, nonsmoking women aged 20 to 41 with regular cycles and no recent hormonal birth control use. The data came from a year of daily diaries kept by a University of British Columbia cohort recruited in Vancouver in the mid-1980s. Self-worth rose and fell along with interest in sex and energy, and moved opposite to low mood. Self-worth changed only a little by cycle phase and ovulatory status. The authors note the sample size of 53 and the single self-report diary item as limits. The findings support larger studies of self-worth across the menstrual cycle.

RRM Context

Ovulation was tracked with daily first-morning temperature readings, the same method used in fertility awareness charting. An earlier study the authors cite had guessed ovulation by cycle day alone, which they call a mistake. All 53 women had normal cycle lengths. Forty-six of them had both normally ovulatory and ovulation-disturbed cycles.

Abstract

Self-Worth is an over-arching evaluation of a person's sense of individual value. Self-worth, however, is an underappreciated concept. It has rarely been reported related to physiological data; we found no studies related to the menstrual cycle or ovulation. It is also unclear if Self-Worth is a stable trait or a variable state. We sought to discover if "Feeling of Self-Worth" (as recorded daily) was related to cycle phases and ovulation of spontaneous menstrual cycles (without hormonal contraception) in healthy premenopausal women over one-year in data from the Prospective Ovulation Cohort. Participating women were invited to complete the Menstrual Cycle Diary© (Diary©) daily; it describes cycle-related and other comprehensive everyday life experiences including negative moods as well as changes from each person's usual Feelings of Self-Worth. Women recorded their Feeling of Self-Worth on a 5-level ordinal scale as a letter translated to a number originally centered on their usual feeling (U = 3) with two higher and two lower (letters) levels. The validated Quantitative Basal Temperature© (QBT©) method was used to assess ovulation and luteal lengths. Fifty-three healthy, community dwelling, normal-weight, non-smoking premenopausal women mean age 33.9 (95% CI 32.4, 35.5) years old were studied. All participants were first required to document two consecutive normal-length (21-36 days) and normally ovulatory (luteal length ≥10 days) cycles before enrolment. Each participant completed the Diary© and QBT© records daily over a mean of 13 cycles (minimum = 8). During the study, cycle lengths were mean 28.04 (95% CI 27.80, 28.28) days with 71% of all cycles being normally ovulatory, 26% having short luteal phases (SLP, LL < 10 days) and 2.6% being anovulatory. Results in all women and all cycles showed that the mean annual Feeling of Self-Worth was 3.01 (95% CI 2.94, 3.09), thus very tightly related to their usual Feeling of Self-Worth. There were only small, inconsistent differences between Feeling of Self-Worth in the follicular versus luteal phases comparing normally ovulatory versus all ovulatory cycles (including those with short luteal phases). Analysis of Self-Worth within the 46 women having both normally ovulatory and ovulatory disturbed cycles (short luteal and anovulatory) showed that it was slightly lower in these women's normally ovulatory cycles (P = .03). Principal Components Analysis of all Diary© data showed that Feeling of Self-Worth was positively related to Interest in Sex and Feeling of Energy (together explaining 9% of all variance). In addition, Feeling of Self-Worth had a significant, negative loading on the Negative Mood Factor (that explained 14.2% of total variance). These data suggest that Feelings of Self-Worth in this comprehensive menstrual cycle and ovulation dataset in healthy women were not related menstrual phases and ovarian hormone levels.

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Nahid Shirazian, Sonia Shirin, Dharani Kalidasan, Jerilynn C Prior
N Shirazian, S Shirin, D Kalidasan, J Prior
PMID 40794779 40794779 DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0327539 10.1371/journal.pone.0327539 Shirazian et al. 2025, Shirazian 2025