Endometriosis, an underdiagnosed and undertreated condition, affects 1 in 10 women and is associated with pain and infertility. Preoperative evaluation should include testing and management of other causes of pelvic pain. Ultrasonography can aid in surgical planning. Hormonal suppression improves symptoms, but should not be used to diagnose endometriosis, and is not shown to be effective in preventing disease recurrence nor in improving fertility. The goal of surgical management should be optimal removal or treatment of disease and should include measures for adhesion prevention. Rates of recurrence of endometriosis depend on the surgical completeness of removing the disease.
PMID 25155119 25155119 DOI 10.1016/j.ogc.2014.05.002 10.1016/j.ogc.2014.05.002 Yeung Jr et al. 2014, Yeung Jr 2014
Cite this article
Yeung, P. (2014). The laparoscopic management of endometriosis in patients with pelvic pain. Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America, 41(3), 371-383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ogc.2014.05.002
Yeung P. The laparoscopic management of endometriosis in patients with pelvic pain. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2014;41(3):371-383. doi:10.1016/j.ogc.2014.05.002
Yeung, P. "The laparoscopic management of endometriosis in patients with pelvic pain." Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America, vol. 41, no. 3, 2014, pp. 371-383.
Yeung PP Jr et al., 2009·J Minim Invasive Gynecol·
To provide a comprehensive review of the best evidence available in the laparoscopic management of endometriosis for pain and/or fertility and to provide practical recommendations based on this information.
Review article of randomized controlled trials. Women with endometriosis. A systematic search was performed of the Cochrane Library and MEDLINE database for randomized controlled trials relating only to laparoscopic management of endometriosis. The information from 7 Cochrane review articles and 35 original randomized trials is presented in a clinically relevant question-and-answer format. Awareness of endometriosis as a disease with substantial morbidity is vitally important. Laparoscopic treatment of endometriosis is beneficial for reducing pain and improving fertility. Laparoscopic presacral neurectomy, but not laparoscopic uterosacral nerve ablation, is a useful adjunct to conservative surgery for endometriosis in patients with a midline component of pain. Preoperative hormonal suppression with gonadotropin-receptor hormone analogue may be helpful in decreasing endometriosis disease scores. Postoperative hormonal suppression with either a gonadotropin-receptor hormone analogue or progestin (including the levonorgestrel intrauterine system) may be helpful in reducing pain and increasing time to recurrence of symptoms. Excisional cystectomy is the preferred method to treat endometrial cysts for both pain and fertility and may be aided by the use of mesna and initial circular excision. An absorbable adhesion barrier (Interceed), 4% icodextrin solution (Adept), and a viscoelastic gel (Oxiplex/AP, FzioMed, Inc., San Luis Obispd, CA; not available in the United States) are safe and effective products to help prevent adhesions in laparoscopic surgery to treat endometriosis.
Adhesion Prevention · Surgical Technique and Adhesions
Yeung P, 2025·J Restorative Reprod Med·
Open Access
Restorative reproductive surgery has emerged to become an exciting and promising field of surgery that can transform the way that we treat patients, especially regarding fertility. As a prime example of this type of surgery, restorative reproductive surgery for endometriosis, a common and debilitating disease that can lead to infertility and pelvic pain, offers a root cause treatment to remove the actual disease and to optimize the reproductive anatomy, for best patient outcomes. Optimal excision of endometriosis and prevention of pelvic adhesions has been shown to lead to reduce symptoms, to lead to high natural fertility rates, and to lead to very low rates of the need for repeat surgery. Patients have improved symptoms and quality of life, in addition to improved fertility chances for one and subsequent pregnancies (if desired), demonstrating the link between wellness and fertility.
There is an urgent need for more resources, training, advocacy, research and publication for this exciting area of restorative reproductive surgery. Its time has come.
Fertility and Outcomes · Conception After Excision
Background Endometriosis can be associated with considerable pain and sterility. After surgical excision of moderate or severe endometriosis lesions, the rate of recurrence reaches up to 67%. The objective of this retrospective study was to establish the recurrence and pregnancy rates following surgical resection of stage III/IV endometriosis lesions. Indications for operation were endometriosis symptoms, sonographic findings and/or infertility. Methods A total of 456 patients who underwent stage III/IV endometriosis surgery between 2004 and 2014 were sent a questionnaire relating to their postoperative medical treatment, pregnancies, relief of symptoms and recurrence. Responses of 206 patients (45.2%) and their clinical data were analysed for this study. Results A total of 66.5% ( N = 137) of patients had stage III disease, and 33.5% ( N = 69) had stage IV disease. The average age was 37 years (17–59). A total of 63.1% ( N = 130) of surgeries were performed by laparoscopy, 21.8% ( N = 45) were performed by laparotomy and 15% ( N = 31) were performed by conversion. Complete resection of endometriosis lesions was achieved in 90.8% of patients ( N = 187). After surgery, 48.5% ( N = 100) of the women did not receive hormonal treatment; the main reason was the desire for children in 53%. Complete or partial relief in complaints was achieved in 93.2% ( N = 192). The rate of recurrence was 21.8% ( N = 45). The statistically significant factors that was associated with a higher risk to develop recurrence was an age < 35 ( p < 0.005). After surgery, 65.8% (79/120) of patients who wished to have children became pregnant. There was a statistically significant association among a higher postoperative pregnancy rate and age < 35 ( p < 0.003) in multivariate logistic regression analysis and laparoscopic surgical access in univariate logistic regression analysis ( p < 0.01). Conclusion We assessed the high percentage of complete or partial relief of symptoms of 93.2%, the high postoperative pregnancy rate of 65.8% and the low rate of recurrence of 21.8% compared to international literature to be very encouraging for women suffering from moderate and severe endometriosis. Though laparoscopy is considered the ‘gold standard’of endometriosis surgery, laparotomy still may be indicated in patients with extensive endometriosis especially to preserve reproductive function.
Yeung PP Jr et al., 2016·Front Public Health·
Open Access
The purpose of this study was to examine if deep retraction pockets (DRPs) in the posterior cul-de-sac and uterosacral ligaments could be a manifestation of endometriosis and if excision of these pockets improves pain symptoms and quality of life. Prospective cohort study Canadian Task Force Classification, II-3. Preoperative data, operative data, and follow-up data were collected prospectively at the Center for Endometriosis at Saint Louis University, a referral center for the surgical management of endometriosis. The 107 consecutive patients who presented with preoperative deep dyspareunia were included in the study, and the median postoperative follow-up was 13 months. Endometriosis was confirmed histologically in any location excised in 88/107 (82.2%) of the women, and 31 DRPs were excised from 25 women with DRPs in the posterior cul-de-sac or uterosacral ligaments, of which 15/31 (48.4%) had endometriosis. Of the 10 DRPs without visible surface lesions, 3 (30.0%) had endometriosis on histology. Pain symptoms and quality of life significantly improved after excision surgery, whether or not DRPs were present. Women who had endometriosis in their DRP also had significant improvement in deep dyspareunia and chronic pelvic pain and quality of life. Results did not differ when patients who took postoperative hormonal suppression were removed from the analyses. Patients had significantly improved pain symptoms and quality of life after excision surgery, whether or not DRPs were present. This study demonstrated that a DRP may be a manifestation of endometriosis (even with a clear surface of the pocket), so that DRPs should be excised to achieve optimal excision of endometriosis.