Ethics and Policy Reproductive Ethics

Defining embryo donation: an Ethics Committee opinion

Ethics Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine

Committee members: Judith Daar, Paula Amato, Jean Benward, Lee Collins, Joseph Davis, Leslie Francis, Elena Gates, Sigal Klipstein, Barbara Koenig, Laurence McCullough, Richard Reindollar, Mark Sauer, Rebecca Sokol, Sean Tipton

Replaced by the 2023 revision

Published July 2016 Fertility and sterility
DOI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.03.017 PMID 27001380

RRM Academy Synopsis

ASRM Ethics Committee holds embryo donation ethically appropriate

A 2016 opinion from the ASRM Ethics Committee holds that giving spare embryos to other patients is ethically appropriate. The committee also holds that the word adoption is wrong for embryos and should be avoided.

Key Findings

  • The committee affirms that patients may ethically give embryos to other patients, whether to build a family or for research, and calls that position "well established."
  • The committee holds that the term "adoption" applied to embryos is "inaccurate" and "misleading," may burden recipients, and "should be avoided."
  • The opinion gives embryos special significance beyond gametes because they may become persons, yet holds they should not receive the same status as persons.
  • The committee calls applying adoption procedures to embryos "not ethically justifiable" and lists home visits, legal fees and judicial review as steps "appropriately absent" from assisted conception.
  • The 2016 document supersedes the committee's earlier statement with the same title, published in 2013.

The ASRM Ethics Committee's Position

“The use of the term 'adoption' for embryos is inaccurate and should be avoided.”

Quoted verbatim from this paper.

Interpretation

This is a committee opinion, the official position of the ASRM Ethics Committee. The conclusions rest on ethical argument, the legal definition of adoption, and statements from other groups about embryo status. The committee bases its view of the word "adoption" on its own earlier opinion about embryo status. The committee also cites ACOG, the HFEA and the Inter-American Court, adding reasons about sentience, individuality and growth potential. The committee notes that the opinion reflects its own members' views and calls it one standard among several in practice.

RRM Context

The opinion concerns extra frozen embryos. Extra embryos arise in IVF. IVF bypasses infertility without resolving why conception fails. Restorative reproductive medicine evaluates both partners and treats the cause first.

Abstract

Building families through the adoption of children has been supported by human society throughout history. The ethical appropriateness of patients donating embryos to other patients for family building, or for research, is well established and is affirmed by this Committee. The use of the term ''adoption'' for embryos is inaccurate and should be avoided. This document replaces the ASRM Ethics Committee statement by the same name, last published in 2013 (Fertil Steril 2013;99:1846-7).

Topics

By this author

Related research

Ethics and Policy › Reproductive Ethics › Embryo Disposition · Clinical Guidelines and Standards › Guidelines by Issuing Body › United States Professional Societies
Judith Daar, Paula Amato, Jean Benward, Lee Collins, Joseph Davis, Leslie Francis, Elena Gates, Sigal Klipstein, Barbara Koenig, Laurence McCullough, Richard Reindollar, Mark Sauer, Rebecca Sokol, Sean Tipton, 0000-0003-0284-2845
J Daar, P Amato, J Benward, L Collins, Joe Davis, Joey Davis, J Davis, L Francis, E Gates, S Klipstein, Barb Koenig, B Koenig, Larry McCullough, L McCullough, Rick Reindollar, Dick Reindollar, Rich Reindollar, R Reindollar, M Sauer, Becky Sokol, R Sokol, S Tipton
PMID 27001380 27001380 DOI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.03.017 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.03.017 Ethics Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine et al. 2016, Ethics Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine 2016