Housemaids are part of women with low socioeconomic status and most of them are migrant from rural to central part of Ethiopia, less educated, either with poor, separated, single or divorced family and/or dead parents. Housemaid may experience problems like depression and anxiety more than other groups of women. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the magnitude and determinants of those problems among housemaids.
Objective
To assess the magnitude and determinants of depression & anxiety among housemaids in Addis Ababa; Ethiopia; 2018.
Methods
Community based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 1 to August 30, 2018 among housemaids working in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Multistage sampling technique was applied with a total of 826 samples. Quantitative data was employed by using structured questionnaires. The collected data was coded, entered in to Epi-Info version 7 and analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Descriptive, analytical statistical procedures; bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regressions with odds ratios and 95% confidence interval was employed. The statistical significance was declared at p value < 0.05.
Results
This study enrolled 862 participants with response rate 99.5%, 99.5% refers to the number of people who actually completed the interview. The result showed prevalence of depression and anxiety among housemaids 27.5% and 32.3% respectively. Among all participants 44.6% (95% CI= 41.0 - 47.9) have mild, 18.5% (95% CI= 15.7 - 21.2) have moderate and 6.1% (95% CI= 4.5 - 7.8) have severe form of comorbid anxiety with depression. Depression (44.9%) and anxiety (41.9%) found more prevalent among the age group 16 to 20. In this study history of parental divorce, participant's divorce, physical violence and sexual violence are positively associated. Other factors; being less educated and living with relatives; were associated negatively.
Conclusion
The prevalence of Depression and Anxiety is found high among housemaid; its prevalence is more among age group 16 to 20 than other age groups. Violence, participant's divorce, history of parental divorce and contraceptive use has positively associated with depression and anxiety.
depression housemaids Ethiopia, anxiety migrant women, mental health domestic workers, women low socioeconomic status, reproductive health mental health, Addis Ababa mental health, substance use depression, sexual violence mental health, occupational mental health women, social determinants depression
PMID 32404071 32404071 DOI 10.1186/s12888-020-02638-5 10.1186/s12888-020-02638-5
Cite this article
Ejigu, A., Seraj, Z. R., GebreLibanos, M., Jilcha, T. F., & Bezabih, Y. (2020). Depression, anxiety and associated factors among housemaids working in Addis Ababa Ethiopia. BMC psychiatry, 20(1), 231. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-02638-5
Ejigu A, Seraj ZR, GebreLibanos M, Jilcha TF, Bezabih Y. Depression, anxiety and associated factors among housemaids working in Addis Ababa Ethiopia. BMC Psychiatry. 2020;20(1):231. doi:10.1186/s12888-020-02638-5
Ejigu, Alem, et al. "Depression, anxiety and associated factors among housemaids working in Addis Ababa Ethiopia." BMC psychiatry, vol. 20, no. 1, 2020, pp. 231.
Curcumin, a bioactive polyphenol derived from turmeric (Curcuma longa), has garnered substantial attention for its potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antineoplastic properties. This review explores the therapeutic potential of curcumin in gynecologic health, with a focus on its role in the management of ovarian, cervical, and endometrial cancers, as well as benign conditions such as endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome, premenstrual syndrome, and menopausal symptoms. A literature review was conducted on the health effects of gynecology. Relevant articles were identified through systematic searches in major biomedical databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science databases for studies reporting the relationship between curcumin and some in gynecological diseasess as of 2025. Curcumin modulates key inflammatory signaling pathways, reduces oxidative stress, and exerts antiproliferative effects, making it a promising adjunct in the treatment of both neoplastic and inflammatory gynecologic disorders. Nevertheless, clinical translation remains limited by challenges such as poor bioavailability and a paucity of large-scale, randomized controlled trials. Emerging evidence supports the integration of curcumin into multimodal treatment strategies, particularly in oncology and chronic inflammatory conditions. In light of the need to improve treatment efficacy and enhance patients' quality of life, the exploration of novel adjuvant therapeutic strategies is highly warranted. Recent studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of curcumin and its novel analogues across a range of gynecologic diseases, while advances in formulation technologies have led to improved pharmacokinetic profiles and therapeutic outcomes. Nevertheless, further robust clinical investigations are required to optimize curcumin formulations, enhance bioavailability, and establish evidence-based guidelines for its integration into gynecologic care. This review synthesizes current evidence and highlights the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for the observed effects, aiming to support the rational development of curcumin-based strategies in gynecology.
GBD 2021 AEMT Collaborators, 2026·The Korean journal of internal medicine
This study aims to evaluate the global burden of adverse effects of medical treatment (AEMT) using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021. Data were extracted from the GBD 2021, covering 204 countries/territories from 1990 to 2021. AEMT was defined using ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes, encompassing complications from medical procedures, treatments, or healthcare exposures. Estimates were categorized into fatal and non-fatal outcomes and stratified by age, sex, year, and covariates, including the Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Mortality-incidence ratios (MIRs), defined as the ratio of mortality calculated by dividing the number of deaths by the total incident cases, were analyzed. In 2021, the global age-standardized prevalence, incidence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and mortality rates of AEMT were 11.48 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 8.86-14.13), 150.44 (131.19-171.81), 64.19 (51.06-73.11), and 1.53 (1.29-1.68) per 100,000 population, respectively. DALY rates were highest in the early neonatal group (4,789.47 per 100,000 population [95% UI, 3,682.00-5,963.30]), while mortality rates followed a U-shaped pattern across age groups. In 2021, MIRs were highest the early neonatal group (0.58 [95% UI, 0.55-0.58]) and the 95+ age group (0.05 [0.04-0.06]). This pattern was consistent across all SDI quintiles, with higher MIRs observed in lower SDI quintiles. The significantly higher prevalence and incidence rates of AEMT among the older population in high SDI quintiles, compared to lower SDI quintiles, could be attributed to the healthcare overutilization, highlighting the need for policy adjustments.
GBD 2023 Intimate Partner Violence and Sexual Violence against Children Collaborators, 2026·Lancet (London, England)
Violence against women and against children are human rights violations with lasting harms to survivors and societies at large. Intimate partner violence (IPV) and sexual violence against children (SVAC) are two major forms of such abuse. Despite their wide-reaching effects on individual and community health, these risk factors have not been adequately prioritised as key drivers of global health burden. Comprehensive x§and reliable estimates of the comparative health burden of IPV and SVAC are urgently needed to inform investments in prevention and support for survivors at both national and global levels. We estimated the prevalence and attributable burden of IPV among females and SVAC among males and females for 204 countries and territories, by age and sex, from 1990 to 2023, as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2023. We searched several global databases for data on self-reported exposure to IPV and SVAC and undertook a systematic review to identify the health outcomes associated with each of these risk factors. We modelled IPV and SVAC prevalence using spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, applying data adjustments to account for measurement heterogeneity. We employed burden-of-proof methodology to estimate relative risks for outcomes associated with IPV and SVAC. These estimates informed the calculation of population attributable fractions, which were then used to quantify disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributable to each risk factor. Globally, in 2023, we estimated that 608 million (95% uncertainty interval 518-724) females aged 15 years and older had ever been exposed to IPV, and 1·01 billion (0·764-1·48) individuals aged 15 years and older had experienced sexual violence during childhood. 18·5 million (8·74-30·0) DALYs were attributed to IPV among females and 32·2 million (16·4-52·5) DALYs were attributed to SVAC among males and females in 2023. IPV and SVAC were among the top contributors to the global disease burden in 2023, particularly among females aged 15-49 years, ranking as the fourth and fifth leading risk factors, respectively, for DALYs in this group. Among the eight health outcomes found to be associated with IPV, anxiety disorders and major depressive disorder were the leading causes of IPV-attributed DALYs, accounting for 5·43 million (-1·25 to 14·6) and 3·96 million (1·71 to 6·92) DALYs in 2023, respectively. SVAC was associated with 14 health outcomes, including mental health disorder, substance use disorder, and chronic and infectious disease outcomes. Self-harm and schizophrenia were the leading causes of SVAC-attributed burden, with SVAC accounting for 6·71 million (2·00 to 12·7) DALYs due to self-harm and 4·15 million (-1·92 to 13·1) DALYs due to schizophrenia in 2023. IPV and SVAC are substantial contributors to global health burden, and their health consequences span a variety of individual health outcomes. Importantly, mental health disorders account for the greatest share of disease burden among survivors. Investing in prevention of these avoidable risk factors has the potential to avert millions of DALYs and considerable premature mortality each year. Our findings represent strong evidence for global and national leaders to elevate IPV and SVAC among public health priorities. Sustained investments are needed to prevent IPV and SVAC and to implement interventions focused on supporting the complex social and health needs of survivors. Gates Foundation.
Healthcare professionals' and students' willingness to provide abortion influences access to care and workforce readiness. We conducted a literature synthesis to identify patterns in willingness across various clinical scenarios. Systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched five databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, and CINAHL) and gray literature for studies (January 2014 to February 2025) without language restrictions. Eligible studies reported cross-sectional data on providers' willingness, while we excluded conditionally framed scenarios. Willingness was defined as the intent, readiness, or affirmative response to provide abortion. Summary-level data on theme-specific willingness were extracted and re-coded into binary or proportional format (yes/no or n/N). Estimates were pooled using random-effects models. Meta-regression and publication bias assessments were performed. Study quality was assessed using a novel in-house tool tailored for survey-based research. We included 36 studies (n = 18,779), reporting 137 estimates across 24 themes. Willingness to provide was highest for lethal fetal anomalies (88.7%, 95% CI: 76.1%-95.1%) and maternal physical health risks (88.6%, 95% CI: 55.7%-98.0%) but substantially lower for on-request scenarios (33.1%, 95% CI: 14.9%-58.4%), surgical abortion (32.1%, 95% CI: 11.6%-63.0%), and social reasons (range 20.1%-32.0%). Multilevel modeling captured both converging and diverging response patterns across categories. Meta-regression indicated that students had consistently higher willingness than professionals. Dominant religion was also observed to be more strongly associated than legal status and other country-level indices. Evidence of small-study effects was limited apart from in a few themes. Risk of bias was high in 31% of studies, with our tool showing strong structural overlap with Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys (CHERRIES) and Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) frameworks. Providers often prioritized abortion in life-threatening contexts but hesitated in non-urgent scenarios. Values-based training and systemic reforms are needed for equitable access to and expansion of abortion care. PROSPERO: CRD42025634868.