To quantify the contribution of in vitro fertilization (IVF) on changes in the rates of low birth weight (LBW), preterm delivery, very low birth weight, and multiple births during the past 3 years.
Methods
Data on IVF pregnancies from 1994 to 1996 within Alberta were reviewed. Population data were obtained from the Provincial notice of a live or stillbirth.
Results
The IVF component of increased LBW rate in the province was 17.8% for infants <2500 g and 43.5% for those born <1500 g. IVF accounted for 10.5% of the provincial rate increase in deliveries <37 weeks' gestation and 66.2% of those <30 weeks' gestation. IVF accounted for 21.4% of the twins and all of the sets of triplets in the province.
Conclusion
During a 3-year period IVF has affected the incidence of LBW, preterm delivery, and multiple birth. IVF is a substantial contributor to changes in very low birth weight and delivery before 30 weeks, which is partly related to multiple births.
PMID 10802493 10802493 DOI 10.1067/mpd.2000.105132 10.1067/mpd.2000.105132 Tough et al. 2000, Tough 2000
Cite this article
Tough, S. C., Greene, C. A., Svenson, L. W., & Belik, J. (2000). Effects of in vitro fertilization on low birth weight, preterm delivery, and multiple birth. The Journal of pediatrics, 136(5), 618-622. https://doi.org/10.1067/mpd.2000.105132
Tough SC, Greene CA, Svenson LW, Belik J. Effects of in vitro fertilization on low birth weight, preterm delivery, and multiple birth. J Pediatr. 2000;136(5):618-622. doi:10.1067/mpd.2000.105132
Tough, Suzanne C., et al. "Effects of in vitro fertilization on low birth weight, preterm delivery, and multiple birth." The Journal of pediatrics, vol. 136, no. 5, 2000, pp. 618-622.
assisted-reproduction/safety-and-risks/neonatal-and-birth-outcomespregnancy/neonatal-outcomes/birth-weightbirth-and-delivery/birth-outcomes/maternal-morbidity
Open Access
Interrogating the association between assisted reproductive technologies (ART) and perinatal outcome is complicated but very important. This is an introduction to a series of articles that review this potential association with an eye toward etiology of risk, and what aspects of in vitro fertilization (IVF) can be modified to reduce this risk. When an association is not due to chance (i.e., statistically significant), one must also consider how the association may be affected due to bias or confounding. Despite lack of the perfect study, perinatal consequences of ART are apparent, even though the vast majority of children conceived with ART are healthy. Pregnancy after IVF is altered as evidenced by risk of preterm delivery, low birth weight among infants, and an alerted prevalence of preeclampsia. The long-term clinical implications of ART, such as childhood development and metabolism, have not been established and ongoing study is proceeding. The risk attributed to multiple births is iatrogenic and needs to be minimized. Optimizing the environment at the time a woman conceives will likely have an effect on gestation as well as the health of children. Reproduction effects health and health effects reproduction.
The Medical Research Council In-Vitro Fertilization (IVF) Register report on births resulting from assisted conception in Great Britain demonstrated a high incidence of preterm and low birthweight babies. This incidence remained high even when the analysis was restricted to singleton babies. The present paper investigates possible risk factors for prematurity, low birthweight and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) in singleton IVF births. Thirteen per cent of singleton IVF babies were preterm, 11% low birthweight and 17% small-for-gestational-age. Analysis by multiple regression indicated that hypertension during pregnancy was an independent risk for preterm delivery, low birthweight and SGA, bleeding during pregnancy for preterm delivery, and the number of embryos transferred and the type of infertility for low birthweight.
assisted-reproduction/safety-and-risks/neonatal-and-birth-outcomespregnancy/preterm-birth/predictionbirth-and-delivery/birth-outcomes/maternal-morbidity
Open Access
In vitro fertilization (IVF) births contribute to a considerable proportion of preterm birth (PTB) each year. However, there is no formal surveillance of adverse perinatal outcomes for less invasive fertility treatments. The study objective was to describe associations between fertility treatment (in vitro fertilization, intrauterine insemination, usually with ovulation drugs (IUI), or ovulation drugs alone) and preterm birth, compared to no treatment in subfertile women. The Fertility Experiences Study (FES) is a retrospective cohort study conducted at the University of Utah between April 2010 and September 2012. Women with a history of primary subfertility self-reported treatment data via survey and interviews. Participant data were linked to birth certificates and fetal death records to asses for perinatal outcomes, particularly preterm birth. A total 487 birth certificates and 3 fetal death records were linked as first births for study participants who completed questionnaires. Among linked births, 19% had a PTB. After adjustment for maternal age, paternal age, maternal education, annual income, religious affiliation, female or male fertility diagnosis, and duration of subfertility, the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for PTB were 2.17 (CI 0.99, 4.75) for births conceived using ovulation drugs, 3.17 (CI 1.4, 7.19) for neonates conceived using IUI and 4.24 (CI 2.05, 8.77) for neonates conceived by IVF, compared to women with subfertility who used no treatment during the month of conception. A reported diagnosis of female factor infertility increased the adjusted odds of having a PTB 2.99 (CI 1.5, 5.97). Duration of pregnancy attempt was not independently associated with PTB. In restricting analyses to singleton gestation, odds ratios were not significant for any type of treatment. IVF, IUI, and ovulation drugs were all associated with a higher incidence of preterm birth and low birth weight, predominantly related to multiple gestation births.
While some studies have found an association between marijuana use and adverse neonatal outcomes, results have not been consistent across all trials. To assess available data on neonatal outcomes in marijuana-exposed pregnancies. PubMed, Medline, ClinicalTrials.gov, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from each database's inception until August 16, 2021. All interventional and observational studies that included pregnant women who were exposed to marijuana compared with pregnant women who were not exposed to marijuana and that reported neonatal outcomes were included. Reporting followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guideline. Data were extracted by 2 authors for all outcomes, which were pooled using a random-effects model as mean difference or risk ratio (RR) and 95% CI. Data were analyzed from August through September 2021. All outcomes were formulated prior to data collection. Outcomes included incidence of birth weight less than 2500 g, small for gestational age (defined as less than the fifth percentile fetal weight for gestational age), rate of preterm delivery (defined as before 37 weeks' gestation), gestational age at time of delivery, birth weight, incidence of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, Apgar score at 1 minute, Apgar score at 5 minutes, incidence of an Apgar score less than 7 at 5 minutes, fetal head circumference, and fetal length. Among 16 studies including 59 138 patients, there were significant increases in 7 adverse neonatal outcomes among women who were exposed to marijuana during pregnancy vs those who were not exposed during pregnancy. These included increased risk of birth weight less than 2500 g (RR, 2.06 [95% CI, 1.25 to 3.42]; P = .005), small for gestational age (RR, 1.61 [95% CI, 1.44 to 1.79]; P < .001), preterm delivery (RR, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.16 to 1.42]; P < .001), and NICU admission (RR, 1.38 [95% CI, 1.18 to 1.62]; P < .001), along with decreased mean birth weight (mean difference, -112.30 [95% CI, -167.19 to -57.41] g; P < .001), Apgar score at 1 minute (mean difference, -0.26 [95% CI, -0.43 to -0.09]; P = .002), and infant head circumference (mean difference, -0.34 [95% CI, -0.63 to -0.06] cm; P = .02). This study found that women exposed to marijuana in pregnancy were at a significantly increased risk of some adverse neonatal outcomes. These findings suggest that increasing awareness about these risks may be associated with improved outcomes.