Many women using hormonal contraceptives are also at risk of sexually transmitted HIV infection, but data are mixed on whether hormonal contraception increases women's risk of HIV. We investigated associations between HIV incidence and use of combined oral contraceptives (COC), norethindrone enanthate (NET-EN) or depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) in a cohort of South African women.
Methods
Participants were 4200 HIV-negative women aged 35-49 years enrolled into a cervical cancer screening trial. At enrollment, women were tested for sexually transmitted infections and reported on their sexual behaviour and contraceptive use. During the 24 months of follow-up, women reported on their sexual behaviours and contraceptive use and underwent repeat HIV testing.
Results
During the 5010 person-years of follow-up, 111 incident HIV infections were observed (HIV incidence, 2.2 infections/100 person-years). At enrollment, 21% of women reported using hormonal contraception, primarily DMPA (14% of all women) or NET-EN (5%). After adjusting for sexual risk behaviours and sexually transmitted infections, the incidence of HIV was similar among women using COC, NET-EN or DMPA compared with women not using any hormonal method [incidence rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals, 0.65, 0.16-2.66; 0.79, 0.31-2.02 and 0.96, 0.58-1.59, respectively]. There was also no association between increased duration of DMPA use and HIV incidence (P-value for trend, 0.51).
Conclusions
These findings contribute to the evidence from general population cohorts of women that hormonal contraceptive use is not associated with increased risk of HIV acquisition. Nonetheless, family planning services are an important venue for HIV prevention activities.
hormonal contraception HIV incidence South Africa prospective study, DMPA NET-EN oral contraceptive HIV risk South African women, depot medroxyprogesterone acetate HIV acquisition cohort, Myer Kuhn hormonal contraception HIV South Africa, norethindrone enanthate injectable contraceptive HIV seroconversion, hormonal contraception sexually transmitted infection HIV women, cervical cancer screening trial HIV incidence contraception, injectable contraceptive duration use HIV risk women Africa, family planning HIV prevention integration South Africa, contraceptive method comparison HIV acquisition incidence rate
PMID 17175547 17175547 DOI 10.1093/ije/dyl251 10.1093/ije/dyl251
Cite this article
Myer, L., Denny, L., Wright, T. C., & Kuhn, L. (2007). Prospective study of hormonal contraception and women's risk of HIV infection in South Africa. International journal of epidemiology, 36(1), 166-174. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyl251
Myer L, Denny L, Wright TC, Kuhn L. Prospective study of hormonal contraception and women's risk of HIV infection in South Africa. Int J Epidemiol. 2007;36(1):166-174. doi:10.1093/ije/dyl251
Myer, Landon, et al. "Prospective study of hormonal contraception and women's risk of HIV infection in South Africa." International journal of epidemiology, vol. 36, no. 1, 2007, pp. 166-174.
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