PMID 5690885 5690885 DOI 10.3109/00016346809156845 10.3109/00016346809156845
Cite this article
Odeblad, E. (1968). The functional structure of human cervical mucus. Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 47, 57-79. https://doi.org/10.3109/00016346809156845
Odeblad E. The functional structure of human cervical mucus. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1968;47:57-79. doi:10.3109/00016346809156845
Odeblad, E. "The functional structure of human cervical mucus." Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica, vol. 47, 1968, pp. 57-79.
An introduction to and some new anatomical and physiological aspects of the cervix and vagina are presented and also an explanation of the biosynthesis and molecular structure of mucus.
Fertility AwarenessCervical MucusMucus and Sperm TransportCervical Mucus Changes
Katz DF, 1991·American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
Evaluation of cervical mucus is a standard for determining the fertile period in natural family planning. Cervical mucus accepts, filters, prepares, and releases sperm for successful transport to the egg and fertilization. Recent scientific advances provide answers to how the mucus regulates fertility as its physical properties change during the menstrual cycle. Transmission electron microscopy reveals small interstices between mucus macromolecules relative to a sperm head. Thus advancing sperm must push aside or cut through the microstructure. The interstices are largest in the periovulatory phase of the cycle. Small magnetic spheres, comparable with the size of a sperm head, are now being used to study the physical properties of the mucus on the scale of individual sperm.
Canalization of cervical mucus from 31 patients at the obstetric/gynecologic clinic at the Universita Cattolica del S. Cuore in Rome, Italy has studied to determine the biochemical basis of canalization and its dependence on estrogen, to study the action on the canalization of hormones used to induce ovulation, and to correlate fern pattern and canalization. Cervical mucus was collected daily and applied to a glass slide, covered with an object cover, and allowed to dry. The typical arrangement of the dendritic crystals and the presence of channels among them were confirmed. Depending on the phase of the ovulatory cycle, the crystals differed in direction and in number. The number of channels consistently increased as estradiol levels increased during the proliferative phase. This happened in both natural and induced ovulatory cycles. The cervical mucus of patients with primary amenorrhea canalized when treated with estrogens. The channels ran parallel to each other. Yet, during the secretory phase, the number of channels fell rapidly and the channels were lined up in a crisscross fashion. This suggested that sperm penetration is dependent on the orientation of mucus crystals. Indeed in vitro studies showed that spermatozoa enter the periovulatory mucus in tightly packed files as if the mucus allowed only passage in this linear formation. The biophysical characteristics of canalization paralleled those of ferning. Moreover, like ferning, the presence of essential salts and proteins induced canalization. It is concluded that canalization can be used to accurately measure estradiol levels and thus to detect ovulation.
In order to evaluate the relationship between the urinary luteinizing hormone (LH) surge as detected by the OvuSTICK (Monoclonal Antibodies, Inc., Mountain View, CA) method and daily cervical mucus parameters, ten spontaneously ovulating women undergoing infertility evaluation were followed during their cycles with twice daily urinary LH testing as well as daily ultrasound, mucus evaluation, and hormonal assays of serum LH, progesterone (P), and estradiol (E2). Maximal cervical mucus scores, as determined using a modified Insler score, were noted to coincide consistently with the urinary LH surge as detected by twice daily testing and to precede ultrasound evidence of ovulation by 0 to 24 hours. Mucus scores rapidly declined in the 24-hour period following the urinary LH surge. Detection of the urinary LH surge may therefore help identify that period of time during which cervical mucus parameters are optimal and therefore facilitate the timing of artificial insemination, intercourse, or postcoital testing.