Barron, M. L., & Daly, K. D. (2001). Expert in fertility appreciation: the Creighton Model practitioner. Journal of obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal nursing : JOGNN, 30(4), 386-391. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1552-6909.2001.tb01557.x
Barron ML, Daly KD. Expert in fertility appreciation: the Creighton Model practitioner. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2001;30(4):386-391. doi:10.1111/j.1552-6909.2001.tb01557.x
Barron, M. L., and K. D. Daly. "Expert in fertility appreciation: the Creighton Model practitioner." Journal of obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal nursing : JOGNN, vol. 30, no. 4, 2001, pp. 386-391.
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Creighton Model practitioners teach charting and flag cycle disorders
Creighton Model practitioners teach couples to chart mucus signs and cycle patterns. Two nursing authors, one a Creighton Model founder, wrote this 2001 review. The authors describe the practitioner's role, training, and teaching sessions, and what a chart can show about gynecologic disorders. The review reports no new study data.
Key Findings
Practitioner training takes 13 months: two educational phases split by a 6-month supervised practicum, a further 7-month supervised practicum, and a final examination.
Each time a woman uses the toilet, she makes a three-part observation: sensation on wiping, mucus present or absent, and stretchability and color if mucus is present.
Until a client shows competency, teaching usually takes four to six sessions in the first 2 to 3 months. Couples are encouraged to return eight times in year one.
The authors say a chart may help identify infertility, inflammation of the vagina or cervix, ovarian cysts, inadequate luteal phase, fibroids, and polyps.
The authors cite a 1996 United Nations figure of more than 35 million couples worldwide who use natural family planning.
Interpretation
The article is a narrative practice review by two nursing authors. One is listed as a founder of the Creighton Model. The authors describe roles, training, and teaching, and they report no new data. Links between chart patterns and gynecologic disorders rest on their description and on earlier studies they cite. The authors write that effectiveness of natural family planning relates to the teaching process and to teacher expertise, and they advise referral to a certified practitioner. The review covers one method in a 2001 nursing setting.
RRM Context
Restorative reproductive medicine treats the cycle chart as clinical data. The Creighton Model is a fertility awareness-based method. The article's glossary describes NaProTechnology as built on mucus, bleeding, and cycle patterns. A chart records ovulation timing and cycle phases that a clinician can use for diagnosis.
Our editorial summary of this paper, not the article's abstract.
Abstract
The Creighton Model system of natural family planning (NFP) is useful in achieving pregnancy, avoiding pregnancy, and detecting some gynecologic disorders. NFP practitioners support the client in using NFP. Because the effectiveness of NFP is related to the teaching process and to teacher expertise, clients choosing NFP may be best served by referral to a certified NFP practitioner for instruction.
Daly KD et al., 2019·Linacre Q·Free full text on PubMed Central
A special course on Marriage, the Family and Human Sexuality was established at Kenrick-Glennon Seminary in St. Louis so as to assist the seminarians in their better understanding of the Church's teaching relative to natural methods of family planning and women's health care. This article compares the response at the beginning of this three-credit semester course to the same seven-item questionnaire given at the conclusion of the course. The preand postcourse scores were calculated for each of the questions. The scores obtained after the course were all significantly higher than they were before the course with p values ranging from 0.01 to <0.0001. Four of the items showed marked improvement including an understanding of the church's teaching related to natural methods, current methods of natural family planning, the impact of a natural method on a couple's marriage, and also the impact of a natural method on family life. Statistically significant improvement was also seen in their understanding of the topic of natural family planning and the Creighton Model System and its relevance toward the seminarian's vocation, the use of the methods to either achieve or avoid pregnancy, and how contraception and abortion are linked. In these last three items, the level of statistical significance was quite high, although not as high as the other four items. There were 104 seminarians over an eight-year period of time, who provided answers to these questions, both before and after the course. This course was modeled after a course that was initiated at the Pope Paul VI Institute for the Study of Human Reproduction, which was for priests, seminarians, and Catholic leaders, titled Love & Life Unlimited. NONTECHNICAL This is an evaluation of a ten-point, seven-question questionnaire that was utilized at the beginning of a course at Kenrick Seminary in Marriage, Sexuality, Creighton Model and NaProTECHNOLOGY. The same questionnaire was given to the students at the beginning of the course and then two to three months later at the conclusion of the three-credit course. The results show that there is a significant improvement in the seminarians' knowledge and general attitude about natural methods of family planning and suggests that such courses would be beneficial to establish in seminaries throughout the country.
Fehring RJ et al., 2018·Linacre Q·Free full text on PubMed Central
This issue of Current Medical Research (CMR) includes studies that provide evidence that use of natural family planning (NFP) can be helpful for subfertile couples wishing to achieve a pregnancy, the effectiveness of a method of NFP during breastfeeding, and the effects of using NFP on marital relationships. This review also includes evidence on predicting the sex of a baby by timing intercourse, evidence that brain injuries can be reflected in changes in the menstrual cycle, and that women prefer methods of family planning that have no side effects. The issue ends with an in-depth review of new technologies that aid in the use of NFP. Topics covered include subfertile couples, breastfeeding, marriage, predicting the sex of a baby, brain injuries, and new technologies.
Fehring RJ et al., 2013·MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs·Free to read
To determine the influence of mutual motivation on unintended pregnancy rates of couples who used natural family planning (NFP) methods to avoid pregnancy. Using an online taught NFP method, 358 women and (their male partners) indicated "how much" and "how hard" they wished to avoid pregnancy on a scale of 0 to 10 before each menstrual cycle charted over 12 month of use. This motivation scale is used in the National Survey of Family Growth as a measure of motivation. All pregnancies were verified with an online pregnancy evaluation and urine-based pregnancy test. A combined motivation score was used in analysis. There were 28 pregnancies among the low-motivation participants (N = 60) and 16 among the high-motivation participants (N = 298). At 12 months of use, there were 75 pregnancies per 100 users for the low-motivation group and only 8 for the high-motivation group. There was an 80% greater likelihood of a pregnancy with the low-motivation group (χ = 25.5, p < .001, odds ratio = 1.80; 95% confidence interval = 1.61-1.90).
Clinical High motivation to avoid pregnancy by both the female user of a behavioral method of family planning and her male partner is required for high efficacy. Assessing motivation of both the woman and her male partner before prescribing NFP methods is recommended.
Nassaralla CL et al., 2011·J Womens Health (Larchmt)·Free full text on PubMed Central
Menstrual cycle function may continue to be altered after discontinuation of oral contraceptives (OC). Few studies have been published on the effects of recent OC use on menstrual cycle parameters; none have examined characteristics of the menstrual flow or the quality of cervical mucus. The purpose of this retrospective matched cohort study is to assess biomarkers of the menstrual cycle after discontinuation of OCs. Among a sample of women who daily recorded observations of menstrual cycle biomarkers, 70 women who had recently discontinued OCs were randomly matched by age and parity with 70 women who had not used OCs for at least 1 year. Outcomes investigated included overall cycle length, length of the luteal phase, estimated day of ovulation, duration of menstrual flow, menstrual intensity, and mucus score. Differences between recent OC users and controls were assessed using random effects modeling. Recent OC users had statistically significantly lower scores for mucus quality for cycles 1 and 2. Additionally, OC users had a later estimated day of ovulation that was statistically significant in cycle 2 and a decreased intensity of menstrual flow that was significant in the first four cycles (difference = -0.48 days). In random effects modeling, all these parameters were significantly different for the first six cycles combined. Menstrual cycle biomarkers are altered for at least two cycles after discontinuation of OCs, and this may help explain the temporary decrease in fecundity associated with recent OC use.
Fehring RJ et al., 1994·J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs·Free to read
To determine the use effectiveness of the Creighton model ovulation method in avoiding and achieving pregnancy. Prospective, descriptive. A natural family planning clinic at a university nursing center. Records and charts from 242 couples who were taught the Creighton model. The sample represented 1,793 months of use of the model. Creighton model demographic forms and logbook. At 12 months of use, the Creighton model was 98.8% method effective and 98.0% use effective in avoiding pregnancy. It was 24.4% use effective in achieving pregnancy. The continuation rate for the sample at 12 months of use was 78.0%. The Creighton model is an effective method of family planning when used to avoid or achieve pregnancy. However, its effectiveness depends on its being taught by qualified teachers. The effectiveness rate of the Creighton model is based on the assumption that if couples knowingly use the female partner's days of fertility for genital intercourse, they are using the method to achieve pregnancy.
To evaluate the use effectiveness of Creighton Model (CrM) NaProEducation Technology for avoiding pregnancy. CrM is a medical model of natural procreation education that is a fully standardized modification of the Billings ovulation method. This system has been used as a means to avoid pregnancy and has been prospectively evaluated in five use effectiveness studies. A prospective life-table analysis of the five studies (meta-analysis) was undertaken, yielding both net and gross rates. Discontinuation rates were also calculated. These studies were conducted at CrM centers in Omaha, St. Louis, Wichita, Houston, and Milwaukee. A total of 1,876 couples used CrM NET for a total of 17,130.0 couple months of use. The method and use effectiveness rates for avoiding pregnancy were 99.5 and 96.8 at the 12th ordinal month and 99.5 and 96.4 at the 18th ordinal month, respectively. The discontinuation rate was 11.3% at the 12th ordinal month and 12.1% at the 18th ordinal month. CrM is highly effective as a means of avoiding pregnancy in both its method and use effectiveness. The method effectiveness has remained stable over the years of the studies, but the use effectiveness for avoiding pregnancy appears to have improved over the study period.
Hilgers TW, 2004·The Medical and Surgical Practice of NaProTECHNOLOGY
The Creighton Model FertilityCare System (CrMS) is introduced as a standardized, scientifically grounded method for observing and recording cervical mucus biomarkers and bleeding patterns across the menstrual cycle. Its development from earlier natural family planning methods into a fully systematized fertility monitoring tool is traced, establishing the CrMS as the observational substrate for all subsequent NaProTECHNOLOGY medical applications.
Hilgers TW et al., 2004·The Medical and Surgical Practice of NaProTECHNOLOGY
The FertilityCare Practitioner (FCP) is the trained educator and coach who teaches the Creighton Model FertilityCare System to clients, standardizes charting methodology, and serves as the primary data interface between the patient and the NaProTECHNOLOGY physician. Accurate, consistent chart data from FCPs directly determines the quality of biomarker interpretation, targeted intervention timing, and longitudinal outcome assessment throughout medical and surgical care.
Clinical Practice Operations › Care Team and Roles › Allied Practitioner Role · Fertility Awareness › Effectiveness › Typical and Perfect Use
Mary Lee Barron, K Diane Daly
M Barron
PMID 11461022 11461022 DOI 10.1111/j.1552-6909.2001.tb01557.x 10.1111/j.1552-6909.2001.tb01557.x Barron et al. 2001, Barron 2001
Cite this article
Barron, M. L., & Daly, K. D. (2001). Expert in fertility appreciation: the Creighton Model practitioner. Journal of obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal nursing : JOGNN, 30(4), 386-391. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1552-6909.2001.tb01557.x
Barron ML, Daly KD. Expert in fertility appreciation: the Creighton Model practitioner. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2001;30(4):386-391. doi:10.1111/j.1552-6909.2001.tb01557.x
Barron, M. L., and K. D. Daly. "Expert in fertility appreciation: the Creighton Model practitioner." Journal of obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal nursing : JOGNN, vol. 30, no. 4, 2001, pp. 386-391.
Keywords
Certification, Community-Institutional Relations, Documentation, Family Planning Services/organization & Administration, Female, Fertility, Health Personnel/education/organization & Administration, Humans, Job Description, Male, Models, Organizational, Models, Psychological, Ovulation Detection/methods, Patient Education As Topic, Referral and Consultation, Reimbursement Mechanisms, Sexual Behavior, Sexual Partners/psychology, Terminology As Topic
