Factors influencing the probability of conception after artificial insemination with donor semen were investigated in a series of 80 infertile couples. Overall, 46 pregnancies were achieved for a crude pregnancy rate of 58%. Life table analysis showed a cumulative probability of conception of 97.1% at the end of 12 cycles and an average fecundability of 15.1%. These results were achieved using a single insemination per cycle and individualizing the day of insemination based on the woman's basal body temperature. Women who had been pregnant previously had a significantly better fecundability than nulligravid women (P less than .05). The overall rates of conception in those women who required therapy for ovulatory dysfunction were the same as normal women although the fecundability was somewhat lower. Women who had abdominal pathology had an overall conception rate of 23%.
Ma H et al., 2010·Cancer Res·Free full text on PubMed Central
Epidemiologic studies suggest that some hormone-related risk factors in breast cancer differentially influence risk for disease subtypes classified by the status of the estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER/PR). However, it remains unclear whether human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) or p53 expression status further differentiates these exposure-risk group associations. We evaluated the associations of oral contraceptive (OC) use and reproductive factors with incident invasive breast cancer subtypes among 1,197 population-based cases and 2,015 controls from the Los Angeles County or Detroit components of the Women's Contraceptive and Reproductive Experiences Study. Case-control comparisons by ER/PR/HER2/p53 status were conducted by multivariable polychotomous unconditional logistic regression methods. We found that OC use was not associated with any breast cancer subtype as defined by ER/PR/HER2/p53 status, except for a 2.9-fold increased risk of so-called triple-negative tumors (ER(-)/PR(-)/HER2(-)) among women of 45 to 64 years of age who started OC use before age 18. Parity was associated with a decreased risk of luminal A (ER(+) or PR(+), HER2(-)), luminal B (ER(+) or PR(+)/HER2(+)), and ER(-)/PR(-)/HER2(+) tumors. Age at first full-term pregnancy was positively associated with luminal A tumors among older women. Neither of these reproductive factors was associated with triple-negative tumors. Long duration of breast-feeding lowered the risk of triple-negative and luminal A tumors. p53 status did not define further differential risk patterns. Our findings offer evidence of differences in the hormone-related risk factors between triple-negative cancers and other ER/PR/HER2-defined subtypes of breast cancer.
To estimate breast cancer risk associated with short-term (<6 months) oral contraceptive use, and explore variation in estimates by use characteristics and medical, menstrual, and reproductive history. We analyzed data from the Women's Contraceptive and Reproductive Experiences Study. Case subjects were white women and black women, 35-64 years old, diagnosed with invasive breast cancer in July 1994-April 1998. Control subjects identified by random-digit dialing were matched to case subjects by age, race, and study site. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Overall, short-term oral contraceptive use was not associated with breast cancer risk (OR = 1.0; 95% CI = 0.8-1.1). However, significant interaction between short-term use and menopausal status led to an observed increased breast cancer risk in pre-menopausal women (OR = 1.3; 95% CI = 1.0-1.7) and a reduced risk in post-menopausal women (OR = 0.8; 95% CI = 0.6-1.0) associated with short-term use. The association was more pronounced in women with non-contraceptive reasons for use and underlying risk factors for breast cancer. These associations may result from underlying characteristics of users or unmeasured factors influencing duration of use and breast cancer risk.
Related research
Donor Gametes and Surrogacy · Sperm and Embryo Donation
From our study of 234 cases of AID with fresh semen, we conclude the following: (1) women who do not have other infertility problems, such as ovulatory dysfunction or evidence of tubal disease, have approximately a 90% chance of pregnancy if they stay in the program for up to 12 cycles; (2) with even greater persistence (i.e., greater than 12 cycles), it is predicted that virtually 100% of these women would conceive, but this conclusion is based on extrapolated data and therefore must be interpreted with caution; (3) women with ovulatory dysfunction who are treated with CC during their AID cycles ultimately achieve the same likelihood of pregnancy as women with normal ovulatory function, but at a slower rate; and (4) women with one patent tube (possibly a marker for generalized tubal damage) have a poorer outcome from AID than those with bilaterally patent tubes, from the standpoint of both the ultimate likelihood of pregnancy and the pregnancy rate per cycle.
Donor Gametes and Surrogacy · Sperm and Embryo Donation
Ten years' experience of artificial insemination with cryopreserved donor semen for 1023 courses in 783 women resulting in 572 pregnancies is reported. A simple approach with multiple inseminations timed on the basis of cycle length, temperature charts, mucus symptoms and signs was used. The life table pregnancy rate was 61% after 12 cycles of treatment and 75% after 24 cycles. Women had a significantly higher rate of pregnancy in second and subsequent courses of treatment, and the pregnancy rate for treatment beyond 12 cycles was significantly less successful. Women over 35 years of age were significantly less successful.
Donor Gametes and Surrogacy · Sperm and Embryo Donation
Artificial insemination with donor sperm (AID) has been a major form of treatment among infertile couples with defects in sperm production. In this report, we review our experience from 1980-1985. A total of 108 patients underwent AID, with 75 resultant pregnancies. Of patients achieving pregnancy, 47% became pregnant after the third cycle and 92% by the twelfth cycle. A higher success rate and/or smaller number of AID cycles were positively associated with patient age of 35 or less and negatively associated with endometriosis. This information is useful in counseling couples interested in pursuing AID.
Outcomes and Effectiveness · Cumulative Versus Per Cycle Reporting
Mathieu C et al., 1995·Human reproduction (Oxford, England)
This paper presents the analysis of 901 cycles of intrauterine artificial insemination with the husband's spermatozoa (AIHIU) in 274 couples who obtained 80 pregnancies. The cumulative pregnancy rate after three cycles of AIHIU was 22% and reached 39% after six cycles. Univariate analysis disclosed two factors of poor prognosis: duration of infertility > 3 years (P = 0.01) and husband's age (P = 0.03). Multivariate analysis revealed that the most significant factor contributing to a decreased likelihood of pregnancy was the age of the husband (P = 0.01), then duration of infertility and dysovulation. The wife's age > or = 35 years did not appear to be of poor prognostic value when taking into consideration the three other factors.
Assisted Reproduction › Donor Gametes and Surrogacy › Sperm and Embryo Donation
Jill A McDonald
J McDonald
Meeks et al. 1986, Meeks 1986
Cite this article
Meeks, G. R., McDonald, J., Gookin, K. S., & Bates, G. W. (1986). Insemination with fresh donor semen. Obstetrics and gynecology, 68(4), 527-530.
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