Restorative Reproductive Medicine · NaProTechnology
The effect of a video intervention on knowledge, awareness and perception of Natural Procreative Technology (NaProTechnology) among pharmacy undergraduate students in Nigeria
Mosanya AU,Ezenkwele EP,Emegoakor FCJ,Okeh M,Isah A
Mosanya, A. U., Ezenkwele, E. P., Emegoakor, F. C. J., Okeh, M., & Isah, A. (2023). The effect of a video intervention on knowledge, awareness and perception of Natural Procreative Technology (NaProTechnology) among pharmacy undergraduate students in Nigeria. https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.05.29.23290690
Mosanya AU, Ezenkwele EP, Emegoakor FCJ, Okeh M, Isah A. The effect of a video intervention on knowledge, awareness and perception of Natural Procreative Technology (NaProTechnology) among pharmacy undergraduate students in Nigeria. 2023. doi:10.1101/2023.05.29.23290690
Mosanya, Adaobi Uchenna, et al. The effect of a video intervention on knowledge, awareness and perception of Natural Procreative Technology (NaProTechnology) among pharmacy undergraduate students in Nigeria. 2023.
A video raised NaProTechnology knowledge in Nigerian pharmacy students
Pharmacy students answered markedly more NaProTechnology questions correctly after an 18-minute video, a 2021 before-and-after survey in Nigeria found. Before the video, about 1 out of 10 of 410 students knew what the method is for. Afterward, about 8 out of 10 of 350 students knew what it is for.
Key Findings
The survey reached 410 pharmacy students before the video and 350 after, a response rate of approximately 85%, at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
Correct answers to the question on what NaProTechnology is used for rose from 45 (11.0%) to 285 (81.4%). All five knowledge questions changed significantly (p < 0.0001).
Students who had heard of NaProTechnology rose from 50 (12.2%) to 278 (79.4%) after the video.
Willingness to opt for NaProTechnology if in need rose from 138 (33.7%) to 308 (88.0%). Support for nationwide deployment rose from 142 (34.6%) to 300 (85.7%).
Interpretation
The study surveyed one group before and after the video, with no comparison group, so other influences on the change cannot be ruled out. Students received the video on WhatsApp over one week, and only those who watched were surveyed afterward. The report does not say whether answers were matched between the two surveys. The outcomes are short-term quiz answers and opinions from pharmacy students at one university. The authors call the video effective for short-term change. The paper is a preprint that has not been peer reviewed.
RRM Context
NaProTechnology is one named method within restorative reproductive medicine. The method builds care on a woman's charted cycle. The authors describe pharmacists as part of its delivery. Awareness among these future pharmacists started low, and the authors note the method is not yet in the curriculum. The survey reports what students knew and thought, with no fertility outcomes.
Our editorial summary of this paper, not the article's abstract.
Abstract
Background
Natural Procreative Technology (NaProTechnology) is a system of management of infertility and other reproductive health issues which requires the application of a woman’s observation and record of key events throughout her menstrual cycle.
Objectives
The study assessed the knowledge, awareness, and perception of NaProTechnology as well as the effect of an educational intervention among pharmacy undergraduate students at University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
Methods
It was a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study. The ethical approval was obtained from the research ethics committee of the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. At baseline, the knowledge, awareness and perception of the students were assessed. Followed by the administration of an educational video on NaProTechnology. Then a post intervention survey was done to assess the effect of the educational intervention.
Key Findings
s There were 410 and 350 students in the preand post-intervention surveys respectively with relatively equal number of males and females. Majority were between 18 and 29 years old. Less than 5% were married while the highest proportion of the respondents were from 300 level The knowledge, awareness, and positive perception of NaProTechnology among the pharmacy students prior to intervention were poor but improved markedly post intervention (P < 0.001).
Conclusion
A video intervention was effective in improving the short-term knowledge, awareness and positive perception of NaProTechnology among pharmacy students.
Key Messages
s
What Is Known Already
Natural Procreative Technology (NaProTechnology) is a system of management of infertility based on the observation and record of fertility biomarkers by a woman.
What This Study Adds
s? The level of knowledge, awareness, and positive perception of NaProTechnology among the pharmacy undergraduates students were poor prior to a video intervention but improved markedly afterwards How this study might affect research, practice or policy? This study would lead to the public health system approach of informing, educating and communicating NaProTechnology to pharmacy students to achieve long-term effects by using well-designed courses and curriculum implementation.
Conceição C et al., 2017·Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care
Recent evidence has shown that young adults have poor knowledge about reproductive health and fertility, and that interventions are needed to increase fertility awareness. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a brief video in increasing knowledge about fertility and infertility in young adults. We carried out a two-arm, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial with a pre-test/post-test design (NCT02607761, ClinicalTrials.gov). The sample was composed of 173 undergraduates who completed a self-report questionnaire. Participants were randomly assigned to exposure or no exposure to an educational video about reproductive health and infertility (intervention group, n = 89; control group, n = 84). At baseline, participants revealed poor knowledge of infertility risk factors and fertility issues, and average knowledge of the definition of infertility. Interaction effects between group and time were found for all variables targeted in the video. Participants in the intervention group significantly increased their knowledge of fertility issues, infertility risk factors and the definition of infertility. No significant differences in post-test knowledge were observed in the control group, except for the age at which there is a marked decrease in female fertility. A short video intervention is effective in increasing short-term knowledge about reproductive health and infertility. If future research using longer intervals corroborates our findings, video intervention could be a useful tool in public health prevention campaigns.
Duane M et al., 2025·J Restorative Reprod Med·Free to read
To assess the effectiveness of an elective to improve students’ knowledge of fertility awareness-based methods for family planning and to determine whether there was a difference in knowledge gained by student type and/or course structure.
A quasi-experimental study of preand postassessment scores among three different groups of healthcare students. In one group, 24 undergraduate nursing students in a semester-long hybrid course. In a second group, 16 second year medical students in a six-week hybrid selective course. In the third group, 80 fourth year medical students in a two-week online elective for a total of 120 students completing the elective from January 2018 to June 2020. All students completed a knowledge assessment before the course, and the identical assessment after the course, with a maximum possible score of 20. ANOVA and non-parametric tests were used for data analysis.
The main outcome measure was comparison of post-course scores to pre-course scores. The mean pre-course score of about 50% in the undergraduate nursing group (x) was lower than the medical students in the six-week course (y) and two-week course (z) both about 70%. However, there was no difference in the mean post-course scores between the groups, which was about 90%. Assessments were mandated, but lectures were not, which could skew assessment scores. Additionally, the study focused on students signing up for the elective so it may not be generalizable to all medical and nursing student populations. Finally, educational interests and demographics impacting a student’s ability to learn and retain FABM knowledge is beyond the scope of this study. This elective was effective in improving fertility awareness-based method knowledge of medical and nursing students. All student groups had strong post-course knowledge scores – 90% accuracy, regardless of course structure. A fully online elective has the potential to make this knowledge easily available worldwide.
Joan Ibeziako O, 2022·Linacre Q·Free full text on PubMed Central
Natural family planning (NFP) empowers women to control their reproductive health and approach fertility as a normal biological process. Although substantive literature supports their comparative effectiveness with contraceptive methods, there is a paucity of this knowledge amongst clinicians and users. This study aimed to understand clinicians' perceptions regarding offering NFP to patients as part of reproductive health care. It explored clinicians' knowledge of NFP, described their perceptions of their effectiveness, and identified enabling and deterring factors to their use. Basic Interpretive qualitative research design was appropriate in obtaining an in-depth description of this phenomenon. It was conducted in 2018 in two hospitals and clinics in Ekurhuleni health district, located East of Gauteng Province, South Africa. Fifteen doctors and nurses from diverse cultural and educational backgrounds were purposefully selected and interviewed. Transcribed data were analyzed, coded, and recurrent themes identified. Training that empowers clinicians on NFP methods and their effectiveness will improve their willingness to advocate for it and promote patient autonomy by providing comprehensive counseling on family planning methods. Further, a pro-NFP policy would drive training in undergraduate and postgraduate programs and increase public awareness, including early education of male and female children.
To study the outcomes of women with infertility or miscarriage treated with natural procreative technology (NaProTechnology or NPT), a systematic medical approach to promoting conception in vivo; and to compare the outcomes with those previously published from a general practice in Ireland. Retrospective cohort study. An urban Canadian primary care practice in which the physician had a part-time practice in NPT. Couples with infertility or recurrent miscarriage who received treatment in the practice between August 2000 and July 2006. All couples were taught to identify the fertile time of their menstrual cycles using the Creighton Model FertilityCare System (CrMS) and completed a standard NPT evaluation. Many also received additional medical treatment to enhance conception in vivo. Live birth was the primary outcome; secondary outcomes included conceptions, multiple births, low birth weight, and prematurity. A total of 108 couples received NPT and were included in the analysis, of which 19 (18%) reported having 2 or more previously unexplained miscarriages. The average female age was 35.4 years. Couples had been attempting to conceive for a mean of 3.2 years. Twentytwo participants (20%) had previously given birth; 24 (22%) had previous intrauterine insemination; and 9 (8%) had previous assisted reproductive technology. The cumulative adjusted proportion of first live births for those completing up to 24 months of NPT treatment was 66 per 100 couples, and the crude proportion was 38%. The cumulative adjusted proportion of first conceptions was 73 per 100 couples, and the crude proportion was 47%. Of the 51 couples who conceived, 12 couples (24%) conceived with CrMS instruction alone, 35 (69%) conceived with CrMS and NPT medical treatment, and 4 (8%) conceived after additional surgical treatment. All births were singleton births; 54% were born at 37 weeks' gestation or later; and 78% had birth weights of 2500 g or greater. Natural procreative technology in a family physician's office was effective in treating infertility and miscarriage with outcomes that were comparable to those in an NPT general practice in Ireland. Larger multicentre prospective studies to compare NPT directly to other forms of infertility treatment are warranted.
Restorative Reproductive Medicine › NaProTechnology › Program Outcomes · Fertility Awareness › Effectiveness › Fertile Window Estimation
DOI 10.1101/2023.05.29.23290690 10.1101/2023.05.29.23290690 Mosanya et al. 2023, Mosanya 2023
Cite this article
Mosanya, A. U., Ezenkwele, E. P., Emegoakor, F. C. J., Okeh, M., & Isah, A. (2023). The effect of a video intervention on knowledge, awareness and perception of Natural Procreative Technology (NaProTechnology) among pharmacy undergraduate students in Nigeria. https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.05.29.23290690
Mosanya AU, Ezenkwele EP, Emegoakor FCJ, Okeh M, Isah A. The effect of a video intervention on knowledge, awareness and perception of Natural Procreative Technology (NaProTechnology) among pharmacy undergraduate students in Nigeria. 2023. doi:10.1101/2023.05.29.23290690
Mosanya, Adaobi Uchenna, et al. The effect of a video intervention on knowledge, awareness and perception of Natural Procreative Technology (NaProTechnology) among pharmacy undergraduate students in Nigeria. 2023.
