Infertility affects 1 in 6 people globally (and up to a third of physicians) and is recognized by the World Health Organization and the American Medical Association as a disease. Since 1978, the devel...
Critique of RRMAccess to Fertility TreatmentEvidence Evaluation
Sánchez-Méndez JI et al.2025
Open Access
Frontiers in reproductive health
Introduction: Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are widely used to address infertility; however, they are costly, associated with medical risks, and often yield suboptimal clinical outcomes. Na...
Arraztoa JA2025
Open Access
Journal of Restorative Reproductive Medicine
In 1972, a seminal article was published demonstrating that women, adequately trained, could detect the approach of ovulation in the fertile window of their menstrual cycle. It was demonstrated that t...
Stanford JB2025
Open Access
Journal of Restorative Reproductive Medicine
Welcome to the Journal of Restorative Reproductive Medicine, the official journal of the International Institute for Restorative Reproductive Medicine! JRRM is a peer-reviewed, open-access medical jou...
Restorative Reproductive Medicine OverviewDefinition and FrameworkBiomarker-Based Medical Evaluation
Whittaker NM, AAGL2024Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology
No standard criteria exist for how to perform a diagnostic laparoscopy. This case series provides evidence of the importance of standardized, reproducible techniques. A single non-oncologic gynecologi...
Near Contact LaparoscopySystematic Mapping S-MAPStandardized Laparoscopy
Boyle PC et al.2024
Open Access
Frontiers in Medicine
Hypoandrogenemia is not usually considered as a potential cause of recurrent miscarriage. We present the case of a 30-year-old female with 6 previous pregnancies resulting in one live birth and 5 preg...
Kicińska AM et al.2023
Open Access
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common cause of anovulatory infertility. Absent, impaired, or rare ovulation induces progesterone deficiency in the luteal phase, which is a critical probl...
This article is a case study illuminating the experience of a cradle Catholic who pursued a career in the field of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) as a laboratory director and embryologist. Twe...
Duane M et al.2022
Open Access
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
Background: Miscarriage is defined as spontaneous loss of pregnancy prior to 20 weeks gestation. With an estimated risk of 15% of clinically confirmed pregnancies ending in miscarriage, it is the most...
Stanford JB et al.2022
Open Access
Human Reproduction Open
STUDY QUESTION: What is the feasibility of a prospective protocol to follow subfertile couples being treated with natural procreative technology for up to 3 years at multiple clinical sites?
SUMMARY ...
Boyle PC et al.2022
Open Access
Journal of Medical Case Reports
BACKGROUND: Restorative reproductive medicine represents a comprehensive approach to subfertility (infertility and miscarriage) with investigations, diagnoses, and treatments combined with fertility c...
Lora J et al.2022
Open Access
Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology
Background: The principal objective of this study was to correlate biophysical properties of vaginal discharge present in the cervical mucus with the timing of the fertile window. In particular, we pr...
Gallo P et al.2022
Open Access
Revista de Medicina y Ética
La progresiva medicalización de la infertilidad en las últimas tres décadas se corresponde con una creciente difusión de las Tecnologías de Reproducción Asistida (TRA), que han dejado en la somb...
Comparison with ARTAssisted Reproduction AlternativesNatural Procreative Technology
Mankato Family Medicine Residency, University of Minnesota, Mankato, MN The corresponding author is Robert D. Jeske; [email protected]. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Live Birth OutcomesNatural Procreative TechnologyScoping Review
Infertility is a worldwide problem today. The more conventional approach of medicine would be to diagnose the causes and correct them, so that the fertility potential of the couple would permit them t...
Procreation and InfertilityRestorative vs Assisted ReproductionNatural Procreative Methods
Stanford JB et al.2021
Open Access
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
Background: Restorative reproductive medicine (RRM) seeks to identify and correct underlying causes and factors contributing to infertility and reproductive dysfunction. Many components of RRM are hig...
This paper looks at the ethics of assisted reproductive technology (ART) from the perspective of the Catholic Church. The three criteria of evaluation of the ethics of ART are the right to life and ph...
Catholic BioethicsEthical Alternative to ARTNaProTECHNOLOGY
NaProTECHNOLOGY – a chance for offspring or fraud? In the media space in Poland, you can meet the concept of Naprotechnology as an alternative to the in vitro procedure. Often, many myths and untruths...
Effectiveness and EthicsNaProTECHNOLOGYDiagnostic Applications
Konicki AJ et al.2020Journal of Christian Nursing : a Quarterly Publication of Nurses Christian Fellowship
Infertility affects one in 16 married women in the United States where 12.7% of these seek treatment. The stress of infertility and treatment is known to impact marital satisfaction, which can be furt...
Kiani AK et al.2020Acta Bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Infertility affects ~20% of the couples in the world. Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) are currently the most common treatment option for infertility. Nevertheless, ARTs m...
This study reports on 632 cycles from 105 women who were using the CREIGHTON MODEL FertilityCare™ System to avoid pregnancy and had either a serious reason to avoid pregnancy or some degree of a lack ...
Chang CP et al.2020Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology
BACKGROUND: Previous research has demonstrated that women instructed in fertility awareness methods can identify the Peak Day of cervical mucus discharge for each menstrual cycle, and the Peak Day has...
Immersed in the world dominated by pragmatism, contemporary man seems to be thinking and functioning only according to the criteria of effective acting. However, life experience, philosophical reflect...
Procreation and Natural LawTheological FoundationsReproductive Ethics
Achebe FU2019The Nigerian Journal of General Practice
Background: Some authorities have found that, when the mean follicular diameter is >25 mm, the follicle is considered large, and these authorities are convinced that large follicles are biomarkers to ...
Follicular MonitoringOvulation DefectsFollicular Development
Neneman M et al.2019
Open Access
Nursing and Public Health
Background. Infertility is a disease of the reproductive system manifesting with the inability to get pregnant within a minimum of 12 months. In diagnosing infertility and the therapeutic process, pha...
Midwifery RoleOpinions on CareReproductive Health Disorders
A special course on Marriage, the Family and Human Sexuality was established at Kenrick-Glennon Seminary in St. Louis so as to assist the seminarians in their better understanding of the Church's teac...
Seminary and Clergy FormationNFP Curriculum OutcomesHumanae Vitae Implementation
Boyle PC et al.2018
Open Access
Frontiers in Medicine
Objectives: To determine the live birth rate for patients who chose to undergo treatment with Restorative Reproductive Medicine (RRM) after previous IVF (includes ICSI). To look at birth outcomes with...
Post-IVF RRM TreatmentLive Birth RatesRRM vs IVF Outcomes
Background: Malaria is prevalent in Nigeria, and artemether + lumefantrine (artemisinin-based combination therapy [ACT]) is drug of choice in treatment of uncomplicated cases. ACT is contraindicated i...
NaProTECHNOLOGY is a new field of medicine specializing in the promotion of human procreation. Its foundation is a teaching system called the Creighton Model Fertility Care System. It is based on the ...
Culture of LifeResponsible ParenthoodCreighton Model System
Murcia-Lora JM et al.2017
Open Access
Persona y Bioética
En la actualidad hay suficiente evidencia científica que relaciona directamente adquisición, exposición y prevalencia del virus del papiloma humano (VPH) con el cáncer del cuello de uterino. Por ello,...
HPV PreventionSexual Health EducationSexuality and Personhood
Obelenienė B et al.2016
Open Access
SOTER: Journal of Religious Science
The article raises the issue of today’s application of assisted (artificial) reproduction methods, which are incom-patible with human dignity. The authors articulate the principles of human dignity, w...
Human Dignity in Infertility TreatmentAssisted Reproduction CritiqueNaProTECHNOLOGY vs ART
Flores R2016Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences
The latest retrievable data about infertility in the Philippines was made available to the public by Merck Serono, a private pharmaceutical company who commissioned the survey in 2011. The survey was ...
PhilippinesFinancial ConstraintsDeveloping Countries
Progesterone support in pregnancy has been in use for over 60 years, having received its start in the 1940s. Its initial use was in patients who had habitual spontaneous abortion caused by luteal phas...
Gruszka MJ2015
Open Access
Seminare. Poszukiwania naukowe
In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a method known almost all over the world, by which modern man is trying to cope with the problem of infertility. The aim of this article is to show the eugenic roots of...
Alternative to IVFEugenics and IVFNaProTECHNOLOGY vs IVF
Radkowska-Walkowicz M2014
Open Access
Czech sociological review
In Poland, invitro fertilisation technology (IVF) has been in use for over 25 years, garnering success and social approval. However, in 2007, a heated debate erupted on the moral, legal and economic a...
Public DiscourseCatholic Teaching ReproductionNaProTECHNOLOGY vs IVF
Smith KR et al.2014Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology
BACKGROUND: The Creighton Model FertilityCare System (CrMS) teaches women to identify days when intercourse is likely to result in pregnancy. We sought to assess the impact of the CrMS on time to preg...
L’auto-osservazione e il follow-up grafico del ciclo mestruale in caso di presunta sterilita, aiutano a diagnosticare e trattare certe alterazioni ginecologiche, al fine di attuare il rapporto sessual...
Conception OptimizationNatural Procreative TechnologyNatural vs Invasive Treatment
In the last 50 years, a surge of reproductive technology has revolutionized the practice of obstetrics and gynecology. First, effective hormonal contraceptives were made available to the public in the...
Infertility TreatmentAdhesion PreventionReproductive Medicine
As the editor of the Anscombe Bioethics Centre's new book Fertility and Gender: Issues in Reproductive and Sexual Ethics (Watt 2011), I was delighted to read Sr. Renee Mirkes’ generous review in th...
The current approach to infertility of assisted reproductive technology (ART) completely misses and then bypasses the evaluation and treatment of cervical factor infertility. In contrast, the Creighto...
Dowbór-Dzwonka A et al.2012
Open Access
Zdrowie publiczne
Infertility is a significant and constantly increasing individual and social problem. It is estimated that at present it affects approx. 15 to 20 percent of couples. Inability to conceive a child elic...
ART vs NaProTECHNOLOGYAssisted ReproductionNatural Procreation Methods
Tham E et al.2012Canadian Family Physician Medecin De Famille Canadien
OBJECTIVE: To study the outcomes of women with infertility or miscarriage treated with natural procreative technology (NaProTechnology or NPT), a systematic medical approach to promoting conception in...
Murcia-Lora JM et al.2011
Open Access
Persona y Bioética
El objetivo de este artículo es revisar los principales conceptos en la literatura acerca de la ventana de la fertilidad en pacientes con ciclos menstruales normales. El énfasis principal del artículo...
The paper presents the main concepts of NaProTECHNOLOGY. Such problems as family planning effectiveness, targeted hormonal assessment of the menstrual cycle, ovarian hormone and target organ dysfuncti...
The paper presents the main concepts of NaProTECHNOLOGY. Such problems as family planning effectiveness, targeted hormonal assessment of the menstrual cycle, ovarian hormone and target organ dysfucnti...
Dr. Thomas W. Hilgers draws on decades of medical experience to provide educational and revolutionary insights into the world of women's health. The NaPro Technology Revolution provides real solutions...
Comprehensive Women's HealthAlternative to IVFClinical Outcomes
Background: A somewhat pessimistic view on the prevention of postsurgical adhesions has developed over the years because rigorous surgical approaches may still result in the formation of postsurgical ...
Stanford JB et al.2008Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM
Objectives: We evaluated outcomes in couples treated for infertility with natural procreative technology (NaProTechnology [corrected] NPT), a systematic medical approach for optimizing physiologic con...
Clinical OutcomesLive Birth RatesGeneral Practice Setting
Mirkes R2008The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy
This essay sets down three directives for conscientiously objecting clinicians-physicians, particularly obstetrician/gynecologists, trained in NaProTechnology by the Pope Paul VI Institute and Creight...
Reproductive MedicineConscience RightsHealthcare Provider Training
Mikolajczyk RT et al.2006Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology
Approaches to measuring fecundity include the assessment of time to pregnancy and day-specific probabilities of conception (daily fecundities) indexed to a day of ovulation. In this paper, we develop ...
Fecundity MeasurementDay-Specific Conception ProbabilitiesFertility Cycle Data Analysis
Over the years of my involvement in obstetrics and gynecology, and reproductive medicine and surgery I have had the opportunity to see, first hand, how the religious liberties of individual physicians...
Free Exercise in Reproductive MedicineDiagnostic Versus Bypass ApproachPhysicians and Medical Students
OBJECTIVE: To assess the day-specific and cycle-specific probabilities of conception leading to clinical pregnancy, in relation to the timing of intercourse and vulvar mucus observations.
METHODS: Th...
Cervical Mucus ObservationsCreighton ModelDay-Specific Conception Probability
Barron ML et al.2001Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing : JOGNN
The Creighton Model system of natural family planning (NFP) is useful in achieving pregnancy, avoiding pregnancy, and detecting some gynecologic disorders. NFP practitioners support the client in usin...
Practitioner TrainingNFP Instruction MethodsNFP Practitioner Role
Effective use of natural family planning is strongly dependent upon adequate instruction. The Creighton Model Fertility Care System (CrMS) has a standardized protocol for instruction of new users that...
User Education and ComplianceFollow-up and RetentionUser Demographics
OBJECTIVE: To describe a woman with Kallmann's syndrome who was treated successfully with highly purified FSH to achieve ovulation induction and pregnancy.
DESIGN: Case report.
SETTING: University h...
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate pregnancy probabilities during use of the Creighton Model Fertility Care System (CrMS).
DESIGN: Couples who began use of the CrMS were entered into this observational cohort st...
OBJECTIVE: To assess the intratubal pressure (ITP) and patency status of the fallopian tubes before and after transcervical catheterization of the fallopian tubes (TCFT).
DESIGN: Prospective procedur...
Hilgers TW et al.1998The Journal of Reproductive Medicine
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use effectiveness of Creighton Model (CrM) NaProEducation Technology for avoiding pregnancy.
STUDY DESIGN: CrM is a medical model of natural procreation education that is a...
The optimal timing of sexual intercourse in relation to the day of ovulation in order for pregnancy to result is a topic of broad interest. Of obvious relevance to fecundability, on the one hand, a...
The following is an address presented to a summit meeting on natural family planning sponsored by the Pontifical Councilfor the Family in December, 1992
I am honored and privileged to have this opport...
Development and HistoryBillings Ovulation MethodNatural Family Planning
Fehring RJ et al.1994Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing : JOGNN
OBJECTIVE: To determine the use effectiveness of the Creighton model ovulation method in avoiding and achieving pregnancy.
DESIGN: Prospective, descriptive.
SETTING: A natural family planning clinic...
Use EffectivenessPregnancy AvoidanceContraceptive Effectiveness
Hilgers TW et al.1992The Journal of Reproductive Medicine
Fifty consecutive clients achieved pregnancy using a standardization modification of the Billings ovulation method (the Creighton Model Natural Family Planning System). Of 50 clients followed, 38 (76%...
Pregnancy AchievementCreighton Model SystemFertility-Focused Intercourse
A simple technique of placing two Kocher clamps on the anterior rectus fascia for the elevation of the anterior abdominal wall during the insertion of the veress needle and the laparoscopic trocar is ...
Hilgers TW et al.1992Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine : Official Journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine
The empty follicle syndrome was assessed using transvaginal ultrasonography in a group of 152 consecutive women with unmedicated menstrual cycles being studied because of primary or secondary infertil...
Check JH et al.1992Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation
Some randomized studies have suggested a significant beneficial effect of 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate in the prevention of preterm labor [1, 2], The therapy in both studies was initiated at approx...
We report an interesting case of above-normal serum estradiol concentration of unknown origin. A 30-year-old white woman was seen for infertility problems. Hormonal evaluation revealed the following r...
James Parkinson, a general physician, was interested in all facets of medical care, and wrote two books for the lay public that contained comments on diverse things. He may have been one of the first ...
Hilgers TW et al.1989Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine : Official Journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine
The sonographic definition of the empty follicle syndrome is presented in a group of 89 consecutive, unmedicated menstrual cycles in women with primary or secondary infertility. The incidence of the e...
Ricaurte E et al.1989The Journal of Reproductive Medicine
The records of 139 consecutive patients who underwent major gynecologic abdominal surgery in which 32% dextran 70 was used as an antiadhesion adjuvant were carefully reviewed for the presence or absen...
Cervical mucus observation may be difficult for women who experience continuous mucus throughout their menstrual cycles. This study aims to prove the value of cervical mucus methods for these women. R...
There is no information available about the effect of iron in formula on the development of gastrointestinal humoral immune response in early human infancy. We compared standard Enfamil to iron-fortif...
Professional TrainingNFP EducationService Development
The possibility that beta-endorphin, an endogenous opiate, is involved in the regulation of the menstrual cycle was examined. Daily serum beta-endorphin levels, in conjunction with luteinizing hormone...
Beta-EndorphinMenstrual Cycle RoleEndorphin and Cycle Dynamics
The estimated time of ovulation (ETO) was correlated with the day of defined postovulatory infertility in 66 hormonally normal menstrual cycles from 24 subjects for each of 15 different natural family...
Postovulatory Infertility IdentificationPeak Mucus Symptom ResearchCervical Mucus and Ovulation
Several periovulatory symptoms sometimes used in natural family planning are correlated with the estimated time of ovulation in 23 subjects and 64 hormonally normal menstrual cycles. The data suggest ...
Now that principles of NFP have been established specific programs are necessary to disperse information and to teach techniques. The hospital-based NFP program offers the community a needed service a...
Four points on the basal body temperatures (BBT) curve have been correlated with the estimated time of ovulation (ETO), as determined by indirect hormonal parameters, in 74 menstrual cycles from 24 su...
Ovulation DetectionTemperature-Based Ovulation EstimationHormonal Correlation with BBT
Hilgers TW1980American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
I read with interest the recent article by Wade and associates, "A randomized prospective study of the use-effectiveness of 2 methods of natural family planning: an interim report" (134: 628, 1979). I...
Peak Mucus Symptom DefinitionUse-Effectiveness MethodologyQuality Control in NFP Trials
St. Louis University Natural Family Planning Center. St. Louis. Missouri and Creighton University Natural Family Planning Education and Research Center, Omaha. Nebraska
The observation of the "Peak" mucus symptom in women using the ovulation method of natural family planning has been correlated with the estimated time of ovulation, as evaluated by indirect hormonal p...