Bone Health

OBJECTIVES: Bone mineral density (BMD) is a critical indicator of osteoporosis (OP). Utilizing the latest multi-omics quantitative trait loci (QTLs) data, we aim to identify novel candidates associate...

Background: Women living with HIV commonly experience low areal bone mineral density (BMD), but whether this is affected by low ovarian hormonal states (prolonged amenorrhea or menopause) is unknown. ...

Women living with HIV (WLWH) may be at higher risk for osteoporosis and fragility fractures. However, limited prospective data describe long-term trajectories of bone mineral density (BMD) in WLWH ver...

Introduction: Bone health in those with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is complex, but the general consensus is that cortical areal bone mineral density (aBMD) sites will be higher in PCOS than in a...

Objective: Assess the association between combined hormonal contraceptives (CHC) use and musculoskeletal tissue pathophysiology, injuries or conditions. Design: Systematic review with semiquantitative...

Background: Patterns of vitamin D intake are relatively unexplored among women living with HIV, despite its importance for women's health. We compared vitamin D dietary and supplement intakes in women...

To the Editors: We are grateful to Dr. Naharci for the interest in our study reporting the association between cognitive decline and bone loss and fracture risk. (1) We agree that bisphosphonates (BPs...

People living with HIV are ageing, and a growing number of women living with HIV are entering menopause. Women living with HIV commonly have bothersome vasomotor symptoms and onset of menopause at ear...

Cognitive decline and osteoporosis often coexist and some evidence suggests a causal link. However, there are no data on the longitudinal relationship between cognitive decline, bone loss and fracture...

Prevention of early menopausal bone loss may reduce the future burden of osteoporosis. In this modelling exercise, an osteoporosis prevention strategy involving 5-year infusions of zoledronic acid, be...

Study purposeMorphometric methods categorize potential osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVF) on the basis of loss of vertebral height. A particular example is the widely used semiquantitative morphom...

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) concentration decreases with age, therefore, DHEA has been considered a hormone that reduces the symptoms associated with aging, so the usefulness of DHEA in premenopausa...

Fracture determinants differ between Canadians of Chinese and White descent, the former constituting the second largest visible minority group in Canada. The results of this study support the importan...

Existing fracture risk assessment tools are not designed to predict fracture-associated consequences, possibly contributing to the current undermanagement of fragility fractures worldwide. We aimed to...

Purpose: With the advent of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), life expectancy has increased among persons living with HIV, but so too has risk for comorbidities including osteoporosis and fragil...

Sclerostin, a natural hormone made in bone, suppresses bone formation. Sclerostin is also decreased by estrogen. Progesterone, estrogen's menstrual partner, stimulates bone formation. It is unclear wh...

Background: Women living with HIV (WLWH) have higher rates of prolonged secondary amenorrhea (no flow for ≥1 year) than HIV-negative women. Both having amenorrhea and being HIV positive are associated...

It is recognized that the trabecular bone score (TBS) provides skeletal information, and frailty measurement is significantly associated with increased risks of adverse health outcomes. Given the subo...

We examined the underlying relationship between fracture risk factors and their imminent risk. Results suggested that having past year fracture, worse past year general health, worse past year physica...

Objective: We aimed to assess whether individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have increased risk of vertebral fractures (VFs) and to estimate nonvertebral fracture and mortality risk among individuals...

Background Women living with HIV (WLWH) have higher rates of long-term amenorrhea (no flow for ≥12 months) than HIV-negative women. However, little is known about the consequences of amenorrhea for WL...

Bisphosphonates, potent antiresorptive agents, have been found to be associated with mortality reduction. Accelerated bone loss is, in itself, an independent predictor of mortality risk, but the relat...

A recent cross-sectional national USA registry of surgery to repair anterior cruciate ligament tears found that fewer adolescent women who reported using combined hormonal contraceptives (CHC) had the...

Using data from the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study, several risk factors predictive of imminent (2-year) risk of low-trauma non-vertebral fracture among high-risk women were identified, inclu...

Little is known about the association between health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and osteoporosis in the absence of fracture, and how HRQOL may change over time. This study provides evidence of su...

Parity and lactation showed no associations with incident clinical fragility fractures or radiographic vertebral compression fractures in the 16-year CaMos prospective study. Parity was associated wit...

Sclerostin is an osteocyte-produced glycoprotein that inhibits the WNT/β-catenin pathway essential for bone formation. Sclerostin was postulated to relate to normal bone metabolism in 2001; we still h...

AIMS: Opioid receptor blockers such as naloxone and naltrexone have been suggested to have a bone mass-increasing effect. However, the mechanisms at play have not been clarified. We examined the effec...

Until recently there has been little evidence available to validate any method by which to make an accurate diagnosis of an osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVFs) from plain radiographs. In part this...

Although the short-term impact of incident fragility fractures on health-related quality of life (HRQL) of older people has been confirmed, we lack long-term evidence. We explored the impact of incide...

Objective: We aimed to explore whether frailty was associated with fracture risk and whether frailty could modify the propensity of type 2 diabetes toward increased risk of fractures.Research design a...

Objective: Many women use combined hormonal contraceptives (CHC) during adolescence during which they are accruing peak areal bone mineral density (BMD) that relates to lifetime fracture risk. To buil...

Background: Although the 2017 Endocrine Society Guidelines for gender dysphoria stipulated that cross-sex hormone therapy (CHT) achieve gonadal steroid levels equivalent to those of a cisperson of the...

In this prospective cohort of 6120 participants aged 50+, nitrogen-bisphosphonates but not non-nitrogen bisphosphonates were associated with a significant 34% mortality risk reduction compared to non-...

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Estradiol (E2) is women's dominant 'bone hormone' since it is essential for development of adolescent peak bone mineral density (BMD) and physiological levels prevent the rapid (3-week) bone resorptio...

To the Editor: We read with interest the editorial by Cummings and Eastell,1 A History of Pivotal Advances in Clinical Research in Bone and Mineral Diseases, published in a recent issue of the JBMR. I...

Women's hot flushes and night sweats, collectively called vasomotor symptoms (VMS), are maximal (79%) in late perimenopause. The evidence describing whether VMS are associated with loss of areal bone ...

Objectives: To assess combined hormonal contraceptives (CHC) use and adolescent women's peak areal bone mineral density (BMD) accrual. Methods: We enrolled 527 randomly selected women across Canada (...

Amenorrhea is important for women's bone health. However, few have reported reproductive, anthropometric (body mass index [BMI], height) and bone health (areal bone mineral density [BMD], prevalent fr...

With advances in combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), people living with HIV are now surviving to experience aging. Evidence suggests that individuals living with HIV are at greater risk for low...

Objective: To assess whether progesterone (P4) or osteoblast P4 receptor-acting progestin (P) contributed to estrogen (E) therapy-related increased areal bone mineral density (BMD) in randomized contr...

We compared two methods for osteoporotic vertebral fracture (VF) assessment on lateral spine radiographs, the Genant semiquantitative (GSQ) technique and a modified algorithm-based qualitative (mABQ) ...

Chronic inflammation predisposes to poor bone health. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) experience androgen excess, ovulatory disturbances, insulin resistance, abdominal adiposity and chroni...

COSPONSORING ASSOCIATIONS: The American Society for Reproductive Medicine, the European Society of Endocrinology, and the Pediatric Endocrine Society. This guideline was funded by the Endocrine Societ...

Data on long-term consequences of non-hip non-vertebral (NHNV) fractures, accounting for approximately two-thirds of all fragility fractures, are scanty. Our study aimed to quantify the population-wid...

Our objective was to describe patterns and predictors of sedentary behavior (sitting time) over 10 years among a large Canadian cohort. Data are from the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study, a pro...

Trabecular bone score (TBS) is a gray-level texture measure derived from lumbar spine dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) images that predicts fractures independent of bone mineral density (BMD). I...

Most premenopausal women with low trauma fracture(s) or low bone mineral density have a secondary cause of osteoporosis or bone loss. Where possible, treatment of the underlying cause should be the fo...

There has been concerning about women receiving depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) contraception because of the prolonged hypoestrogenemic state regarding the potential negative effects on bone ...

Background and Objectives: Trabecular bone score is a gray-level textural measure obtained from dual energy x-ray absorptiometry lumbar spine images that provides information independent of areal bone...

Introduction: Although a fragility fracture family history (FFFH+) has repeatedly been shown to be associated with lower bone mineral density (BMD), its relationship to human BMD change is unclear. An...

Non-sexually active adolescents are currently treated with combined hormonal contraception (CHC) for common experiences (e.g., cramps, acne) and serious problems (e.g., hypothalamic amenorrhea, heavy ...

Here I respond to Akers, Dhar, and Shah's (2016), Stubbs's (2016), Olshansky's (2016), and Kissling's (2016) commentaries on the article (Prior, 2016) in which I expressed concerns about the potential...

Background: Self-reported health status measures, like the Short Form 36-item Health Survey (SF-36), can provide rich information about the overall health of a population and its components, such as p...

CONTEXT: Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), a progestogen-only contraceptive injectable, has traditionally been formulated as a crystalline suspension delivered intramuscularly (IM) at a dose o...

We hypothesized that diet would have direct effects on glucose metabolism with direct and indirect effects on bone metabolism in a cohort of Canadian adults. We assessed dietary patterns (Prudent [fru...

High dietary protein has been hypothesized to cause lower bone mineral density (BMD) and greater fracture risk. Previous results are conflicting and few studies have assessed potential differences rel...

Background: Age-related decline in bone mass increases the risk of skeletal fractures, especially those of the hip, spine, and wrist. Steroidal contraceptives have been associated with changes in bone...

Background: Population-based incident fracture data aid fracture prevention and therapy decisions. Our purpose was to describe 10-year site-specific cumulative fracture incidence by sex, age at baseli...

Context: PTH is an essential regulator of mineral metabolism; PTH hypersecretion may result in hyperparathyroidism including normocalcaemic, primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Objective: To e...

Purpose: To prospectively assess changes in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) over 10 years, by age and sex, and to compare measured within-person change to estimates of change based on cross-sec...

Background: Individuals with diabetes have been found previously to be at increased risk of non-traumatic fracture. However, it is unclear if these individuals are being identified and treated for ost...

Background: Many medications used in older adults have strong anticholinergic (ACH) properties, which may increase the risk of falls and fractures. Use of these medications was identified in a populat...

The diagnosis of osteoporosis in men is controversial, although most studies demonstrate similar fracture rates for men and women with the same level of hip bone mineral density (BMD). Whether this ap...

We determined the prospective 10-year association among incident fragility fractures and four glucocorticoid (GC) treatment groups (Never GC, Prior GC, Baseline GC, and Ever GC). Results showed that G...

We used data from a large, prospective Canadian cohort to assess the association between selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) and...

Several recent studies suggest that obesity may be a risk factor for fracture. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) and future fracture risk at differ...

Objectives: Our objective was to study changes in calcium and vitamin D intakes over time, and their cross-sectional and longitudinal associations with bone mineral density (BMD). Methods: We followe...

Subclinical ovulatory disturbances (anovulation or short luteal phases within normal-length menstrual cycles) indicate lower progesterone-to-estrogen levels. Given that progesterone plays a bone forma...

Our purpose was to identify factors for a parsimonious fracture risk assessment model considering morphometric spine fracture status, femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) and the World Health Organ...

OBJECTIVES: Increasing 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum levels can prevent a wide range of diseases. There is a concern about increasing kidney stone risk with vitamin D supplementation. We used GrassrootsHe...

Context: Calcium and vitamin D are recommended for bone health, but there are concerns about adverse risks. Some clinical studies suggest that calcium intake may be cardioprotective, whereas others re...

Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified common variants in genes associated with variation in bone mineral density (BMD), although most have been carried out in combined sample...

Objectives: Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use has been identified as a risk factor for hip and vertebral fractures. Evidence supporting a relationship between PPI use and osteoporosis remains scant. Dem...

Vitamin D is essential for facilitating calcium absorption and preventing increases in parathyroid hormone (PTH), which can augment bone resorption. Our objectives were to examine serum levels of 25-h...

Background: Population-based administrative data have been used to study osteoporosis-related fracture risk factors and outcomes, but there has been limited research about the validity of these data f...

Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate the health risks of excess body weight in the light of its protective effects on bone fragility. Methods: Femoral neck and lumbar spine dua...

Background: Physical activity (PA) is an important modifiable risk factor for both bone mineral density (BMD) and body mass index (BMI). However, BMI is itself strongly predictive of BMD. Our aim was ...

A decrease in bone density at the hip or spine has been shown to increase the risk of fracture. A limitation of the bone mineral density (BMD) measurement is that it provides only a measure of a bone ...

The WHO fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX(®)) estimates an individual's 10-yr major osteoporotic and hip fracture probabilities. When bone mineral density (BMD) is included in the FRAX calculation, ...

Background: The associations between oral contraceptive (OC) use, bone mineral density (BMD) and the risk of fractures remain controversial. Study Design: A cross-sectional study of 491 women aged 50...

Objectives: The aim of this study was to provide a clinical reference for the acute postoperative changes to lipids and inflammation following premenopausal hysterectomy with bilateral oophorectomy an...

Background: Several studies, including an earlier analysis from the Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Oral Contraception Study, have suggested that ever users of oral contraceptives have a...

Background: A set of nomograms based on the Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study predicts the fiveand ten-year absolute risk of fracture using age, bone mineral density and history of falls and low-t...

A new Canadian WHO fracture risk assessment (FRAX®) tool to predict 10-year fracture probability was compared with observed 10-year fracture outcomes in a large Canadian population-based study (CaMos)...

A procedure for creating a simplified version of fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX®) is described. Calibration, fracture prediction, and concordance were compared with the full FRAX tool using two l...

Canadian women over 50 years old were studied over a 10-year period to see if those who sustained a fracture (caused by minimal trauma) were receiving the recommended osteoporosis therapy. We found th...

Women's menstrual cycles and bone remodeling are linked in part by their co-dependency on the stressand resource-associated variables that govern both of their cyclical natures. Therefore, it is not s...

Background: Previous research has shown that dietary patterns are related to the risk of several adverse health outcomes, but the relation of these patterns to skeletal fragility is not well understoo...

Estradiol (E(2)) and progesterone (P(4)) collaborate within bone remodelling on resorption (E(2)) and formation (P(4)). We integrate evidence that P(4) may prevent and, with antiresorptives, treat wom...

Although low bone mineral density (BMD) predicts fractures, there are postulated sex differences in the fracture "threshold." Some studies demonstrate a higher mean BMD for men with fractures than for...

Objective: Most low-trauma fractures occur among women with osteopenic bone mineral density (BMD), a population considered to have moderate absolute fracture risk. Our purpose was to refine the fractu...

We estimated peak bone mass (PBM) in 615 women and 527 men aged 16 to 40 years using longitudinal data from the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study (CaMos). Individual rates of change were average...

This population-based study suggests that use of DMPA is associated with a slightly increased risk of fractures.

The objectives of the study were to develop bone mineral density (BMD) reference norms and BMD Z-scores at various skeletal sites, to determine whether prior fracture and/or asthma were related to BMD...

Context: Cross-sectional studies have found associations among elevated cognitive dietary restraint (CDR), increased ovulatory disturbances, and lower bone mass, possibly mediated by cortisol. Object...

Cognitive dietary restraint (CDR) is the perception of limiting food intake to achieve/maintain a perceived ideal body weight. The objective of this 2‐yr prospective study was to determine if women wi...

Background: Previous research has shown that underlying dietary patterns are related to the risk of many different adverse health outcomes, but the relationship of these underlying patterns to skeleta...

Fracture risk assessment based solely on BMD has limitations. Additional risk factors include the presence of a previous low-trauma fracture. We sought to quantify the fracture burden attributable to ...

Background: Fractures have largely been assessed by their impact on quality of life or health care costs. We conducted this study to evaluate the relation between fractures and mortality. Methods: A ...

This population-based study of mid-aged Canadians assessed awareness of diagnosis by bone mineral density (BMD) following dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) testing and compared the effects of fee...

Vertebral fractures are the most common osteoporotic fracture, and patients with prevalent vertebral fractures have a greater risk of future fractures. However, radiographically determined vertebral f...

Our objective was to estimate the relationship between longitudinal change in BMD and fragility fractures. We studied 3635 women and 1417 men 50-85 yr of age in the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis S...

Using prospective data from the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study (CaMos), we compared health utilities index (HUI) scores after 5 years of follow-up among participants (50 years and older) with...

Background: Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) use may be associated with an increased risk of fractures; however, nothing is known about the risk associated with intrauterine contraceptive devi...

Background: Little is known on fracture risk in young women using oral contraceptives. Study Design: Case-control study (64,548 cases, 193,641 controls). Results: Overall, no major association with ...

Background: Striking geographic variation in the incidence of osteoporotic fracture has been shown in national and international studies. The contributing risk factors for this variation are not fully...

Observational studies are needed to quantify real-life effectiveness of antiresorptive therapy in the prevention of clinical fractures. Antiresorptive therapies were associated with an overall 32% red...

Background: Measurement of bone mineral density is the most common method of diagnosing and assessing osteoporosis. We sought to estimate the average rate of change in bone mineral density as a functi...

At the 2007 Position Development Conference, the Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry Technical Task Force investigated three major areas of bone density testing. Although bone mineral density (BMD) testi...

Background: Deviation from normal weight is associated with health risks, but less is known about the association between weight and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). We investigated this in the...

We examined osteoporosis diagnosis/treatment in 2,187 community dwelling men age 50+. After five years in the study, 90% of men with fragility fractures remained undiagnosed and untreated for osteopor...

This Canadian study of bone health showed that HIV+ women were more likely to have had fragility fractures (OR 1.7) but had BMD values that were not different than women from a national population-bas...

The impact of clinical risk factor-based absolute risk methods on the prevalence of high risk for osteoporotic fracture is unknown. We applied absolute risk methods to 6646 subjects and found that the...

Background: Depression and osteoporotic fractures are common ailments among elderly persons. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are frequently used in the treatment of depression in this ...

For many years, osteoporosis in women was equated with estrogen deficiency. The recent articles by Zaidi and colleagues offer a new challenge to the estrogen-deficiency-osteoporosis hypothesis by show...

Routine bone mineral densitometry (BMD) screening has been recommended for women aged >or=65 yr (Osteoporosis Canada [OC], International Society for Clinical Densitometry [ISCD], Canadian and United S...

Supplemental vitamin D is available in 2 distinct forms: ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (vitamin D3). Pharmacopoeias have officially regarded these 2 forms as equivalent and interchan...

Introduction: The use of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors has been demonstrated to not only impair load-induced bone formation but also prevent menopause-associated bone loss. We hypothesized that ...

Background: Limited information exists regarding the natural progression of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in the general population, as most research has been cross-sectional or has followed ...

Introduction: Prior studies have suggested that oral contraceptives (OCs) may be associated with an increased fracture risk. However, the previous studies have only performed a limited adjustment for ...

Questions have been raised about the effects of progestogen-only contraceptive use on bone health, particularly among young women who have not yet reached peak bone mass and perimenopausal women who m...

The objective of this research was to determine the relative decrement in health-related quality of life, as measured by the health utilities index mark 3 (HUI3), in osteoporosis compared to other chr...

Objective: To test for the possible association of past oral contraceptive (OC) use and incident fracture after menopause. Design: A prospective cohort of 93,725 postmenopausal women. Setting: Forty W...

Smoking is widely considered a risk factor for future fracture. The aim of this study was to quantify this risk on an international basis and to explore the relationship of this risk with age, sex and...

The aims of the present study were to determine whether a parental history of any fracture or hip fracture specifically are significant risk factors for future fracture in an international setting, an...

Vitamins D(2) and D(3) are generally considered to be equivalent in humans. Nevertheless, physicians commonly report equivocal responses to seemingly large doses of the only high-dose calciferol (vita...

Utilizing data from the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study (CaMos), we examined the association between potential risk factors and incident vertebral and nonvertebral fractures. A total of 5,143 ...

Previous fracture is a well-documented risk factor for future fracture. The aim of this study was to quantify this risk on an international basis and to explore the relationship of this risk with age,...

The relationship between use of corticosteroids and fracture risk was estimated in a meta-analysis of data from seven cohort studies of approximately 42,000 men and women. Current and past use of cort...

Infertility is not merely a reproductive inconvenience but frequently signals systemic or hormonal pathology — including polycystic ovarian disease, endometriosis, thyroid dysfunction, and immune abno...

Chronic anovulation and progesterone or estradiol deficiency identified through CrMS charting represent periods of suboptimal bone accrual in women of reproductive age, because both estradiol and prog...

Osteoporosis has lately become recognized as an important disease on two accounts. On one hand, demographic change has resulted in a greatly increased and increasing burden of morbidity and mortality ...

Osteoporotic fractures can be a major cause of morbidity. It is important to determine the impact of fractures on health-related quality of life (HRQL). A total of 3,394 women and 1,122 men 50 years o...

Objective: To revise and expand the 1996 Osteoporosis Society of Canada clinical practice guidelines for the management of osteoporosis, incorporating recent advances in diagnosis, prevention and mana...

Background: Exercise programs improve balance, strength and agility in elderly people and thus may prevent falls. However, specific exercise programs that might be widely used in the community and tha...

To the Editor: In their recent article, "Characterization of Perimenopausal Bone Loss," Recker and colleagues present unique longitudinal bone mineral density (BMD) and hormonal data.1 We acknowledge ...

Background: Positive and negative effects on bone mineral density (BMD) have been described as a result of the premenopausal use of oral contraceptives (OCs); increased fracture rates have also been r...

This review presents data to suggest that postnatal estradiol and progesterone replacement therapy may be beneficial in preterm infants. During pregnancy, maternal plasma levels of estradiol and proge...

Health-related quality of life (HRQL) was examined in relation to prevalent fractures in 4816 community-dwelling Canadian men and women 50 years and older participating in the Canadian Multicentre Ost...

Objective: To test the efficacy of a community based 10 week exercise intervention to reduce fall risk factors in women with osteoporosis. Methods: Static balance was measured by computerised dynamic...

Purpose: Women with high scores for dietary restraint have been found to have higher 24-h urinary cortisol excretion and a higher prevalence of subclinical ovulatory disturbances, both of which may be...

Context: Identification of women with low bone mineral density (BMD) is an important strategy in reducing the incidence of osteoporotic fractures. However, screening all women is not recommended. Obj...

Several studies indicate that parity and lactation are associated with modest, short-term bone loss, but the long-term effect on osteoporotic fracture risk is uncertain. The authors therefore analyzed...

This 2-year prospective study examined associations among bone mineral acquisition and physical, maturational, and lifestyle variables during the pubertal transition in healthy girls. Forty-five girls...

The Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study (CaMos) is a prospective cohort study which will measure the incidence and prevalence of osteoporosis and fractures, and the effect of putative risk factors...

Background: Cognitive dietary restraint, assessed by the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire restraint subscale, is associated with subclinical menstrual cycle disturbances. This association may be medi...

The Canadian Multicenter Osteoporosis Study is a large population-based prospective study of osteoporosis in the Canadian population. The study involves 9424 subjects, both male and female, from nine ...

Background: The Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form (SF-36) is a widely used measure of health-related quality of life. Normative data are the key to determining whether a group or an individual...

Background: Of the few exercise intervention studies focusing on pediatric populations, none have confined the intervention to the scheduled physical education curriculum. Objective: To examine the e...

OBJECTIVE: To determine effectiveness of transdermal progesterone cream for controlling vasomotor symptoms and preventing postmenopausal bone loss. METHODS: We randomly assigned 102 healthy women wit...

Purpose: Exercise is understood to exert positive effects on bone. However cancellous bone has not been shown to increase with exercise. Previous results of our 1-yr observational prospective study in...

Background: Epidemiological studies indicate a protective effect of postmenopausal oestrogen therapy on the risk of osteoporotic fractures. Whether premenopausal oestrogen exposure in the form of oral...

Relatively little is known about the factors in Canada which lead to osteoporosis and its concomitant fractures. The Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study (CaMos) is a prospective cohort study which...

Objective: To compare spinal bone mineral density (BMD) and 1-year BMD change between premenopausal vegetarian and nonvegetarian women. Design: Cross-sectional comparison of spinal BMD at baseline and...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether percutaneous estradiol (pE2) (1.5 mg/day) is able to counteract the postmenopausal bone loss in postmenopausal hysterectomized women, in a double-blind study versus ora...

There is good evidence that estrogens and progestogens have an important effect on bone metabolism. This article explores the relationship between oral contraceptive (OC) use and fractures occurring a...

The purpose of this study was to contrast the effects of conventional estrogen treatment with medroxyprogesterone on cancellous and cortical bone change in the first year following premenopausal ovari...

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to assess (1) whether treatment with oral contraceptives, in comparison with medroxyprogesterone and placebo, improved bone mineral in women with hypothal...

Current concepts suggest that normal estrogen levels are necessary for exercise to have an osteogenic effect on bone. In a population of running and sedentary women Prior et al. (NEJM, 1990) have show...

Objective: To examine exercise as a therapy for people with osteoporosis. Options: Immobilization, standing low-load and high-load physical activities. Outcomes: Risk of injury, quality of life, risk...

Objectives: We analyzed the relationship between menstrual and reproductive history and risk of hip fractures in post-menopausal women using data from an Italian case-control study. Methods: Cases we...

OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of oral estriol on the bone mineral density (BMD) and bone metabolism in postmenopausal women. METHODS: Seventy-five natural postmenopausal women with a BMD of more ...

Objective: To determine the risk factors associated with fracture of the distal forearm, and to evaluate the influence of falls on these risks. Design: This was a case-control study. Setting: Manchest...

Healthy premenopausal women with regular cycles are believed to be increasing or maintaining bone density. However, few studies have prospectively documented spinal cancellous bone, the bone that chan...

OBJECTIVES: We wished to appraise the effectiveness of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in early (< 67 years) and late (> 67 years) post-menopausal women referred to a metabolic outpatient clinic for...

Objective: Bone loss occurs in young women who experience amenorrhea or ovulatory disturbances. The purpose of this study was to determine whether bone loss could be prevented by simulating a more nor...

We assessed the relationship between dietary restraint and menstrual cycle characteristics in 27 ovulatory women, previous participants in a longitudinal study of spinal cancellous bone mineral densit...

The Kuopio Osteoporosis Risk Factor and Prevention (OSTPRE) Study examines the risk factors of osteoporosis, the relationship of risk factors to bone density and fractures, as well as the possibility ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the effects or oral and transdermal estrogen replacement therapy on biochemical markers of bone resorption in early postmenopausal women. DESIGN: Controlled, random...

It has been suggested that use of the oral contraceptive pill by women confers protection against osteoporosis later in life. However, cross-sectional studies of bone density among pill users have yie...

A physically active and athletic lifestyle is not only a healthy but a fulfilling choice for women. Although there is extensive literature on 'athletic amenorrhoea' which implies that exercise causes ...

With the use of a double-blind, randomized, dose-ranging design, we tested during an 18-month period the degree of protection against postmenopausal bone loss afforded by micronized 17 beta-estradiol ...

Background: Osteoporosis develops in women with estrogen deficiency and amenorrhea who lose bone at an accelerated rate. It is not known to what extent bone loss differs between ovulatory women with r...

Experimental, epidemiological, and clinical data indicate that progesterone is active in bone metabolism. Progesterone appears to act directly on bone by engaging an osteoblast receptor or indirectly ...

Lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) was evaluated by dual photon absorptiometry (DPA) in 38 women with laparoscopically diagnosed and staged endometriosis. DPA was performed before and at the completion...

Gonadal steroids are altered by the reproductive system's adaptation to conditioning exercise. Contraceptive options for the athletic woman include all measures appropriate for the sedentary woman. Ba...

Nine patients on long-term hemodialysis with dialysis encephalopathy were studied, with sex matched control subjects for eight of the patients. Each patient with dialysis encephalopathy and control su...

5 patients are described who developed severe osteomalacia with spontaneous fractures after 2-4 years on dialysis. Phosphate control, vitamin D2 therapy and parathyroidectomy were ineffective. These i...

Six long-term hemodialysis patients with progressive skeletal deterioration during long-term pharmacologic vitamin D2 therapy were treated for six to 12 months with oral 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol ...